State, firms and technology. The rise of multinational telecommunications companies: ITT and theCompañía Telefónica Nacional de España, 1924–1945

Gender, Race, and Entrepreneurship

“…Thus Wilkins (2009) has shown the impact of regulation on the development of multinationals in the insurance industry. Similarly, Calvo (2008) and Clifton et al (2011) have shown how differences in regulation impacted upon the internationalization of telecommunications companies both before and after the Second World War. A different form of interaction with government has been found in the construction industry where government was often involved in purchasing (Linder 1994;Donzé 2015).…”

Globalising the hotel industry 1946–68: A multinational case study of the Intercontinental Hotel Corporation

“…Wilkins' (2009) study shows that home and host country regulations have always affected the historical developments of multinational enterprises in the insurance industry. 39 Similarly, in the study of telecommunications, Calvo (2008) illustrates how the International Telephone and Telegraph Corporation (ITT) employed a new company created in Spain, an immature market, to internationalise the telecommunication sector, and reveals how regulation by the government influenced this process. 40 Boldt-Christmas, Jacobsen and Tschoegl (2001) also found banking deregulation to play an important role in generating the international expansion of Norwegian banks out of Norway, and vice versa.…”

A BORN-AGAIN GLOBAL FIRM:INÉS ROSALES SOCIEDAD ANÓNIMA UNIPERSONAL (SAU)IN THE TRADITIONAL SECTOR OF PASTRY PRODUCTION

“…This theoretical setting challenges all traditional internationalisation theories, because it focusses on early internationalisation, when the whole world is seen as a potential market, and describes the company's simultaneous presence in various physically and culturally distant countries without the need to go through any incremental stages. In fact, these firms apply multiple formulas of international relations, which are simultaneously compatible with each other and encompass from the companies' own 1 Corporations in Calvo (2008Calvo ( , 2014, Caruana (2009), Caruana and García Ruiz (2009), Vidal (2008aVidal ( , 2008b, Del Ángel (2012), Arroyo et al (2012), Martín Aceña (2007, Pérez Hernández (2009), Torres (2009a and and Virós (2009). Family firms in Puig and Fernández Pérez (2008 , Moreno Lázaro (2009) , Fernández Moya (2010, 2013a, 2013b, 2015, Colli et al (2012) and Lindoso Tato and Vilar Rodríguez (2014).…”