State Estimation and the Cerebellum

Hardwick, Robert M.; Dagioglou, Maria; Miall, R. Chris

doi:10.1007/978-94-007-1333-8_57

Cited by 9 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…These results and others point to the role of the cerebellum in adaptive motor learning (Taylor et al, 2010; Bernard & Seidler, 2013, Hardwick et al, 2013), supporting the view that it acts as a forward model (Wolpert et al, 1998; Hardwick et al, 2012; Schlerf et al, 2012). Increasing cerebellar excitability with anodal tDCS may have enhanced the spatial realignment process, compensating for deficits in strategic control and leading to faster reduction of movement errors.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Cerebellar direct current stimulation enhances motor learning in older adults

Hardwick

Celnik

2014

Neurobiology of Aging

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Developing novel approaches to combat age related declines in motor function is key to maintaining health and function in older adults, a subgroup of the population that is rapidly growing. Motor adaptation, a form of motor learning, has been shown to be impaired in healthy older subjects compared to their younger counterparts. Here we tested whether excitatory anodal transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) over the cerebellum could enhance adaptation in older subjects. Participants performed a ‘center-out’ reaching task, adapting to the sudden introduction of a visual cursor rotation. Older participants receiving sham tDCS (mean age 56.3 ± 6.8 years) were slower to adapt than younger participants (mean age 20.7 ± 2.1 years. In contrast, older participants who received anodal tDCS (mean age 59.6 ± 8.1 years) adapted faster, with a rate that was similar to younger subjects. We conclude that cerebellar anodal tDCS enhances motor adaptation in older individuals. Our results highlight the efficacy of the novel approach of using cerebellar tDCS to combat age related deficits in motor learning.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Cerebellar direct current stimulation enhances motor learning in older adults

Hardwick

Celnik

2014

Neurobiology of Aging

Self Cite

145

150

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“…The prominent 'threshold theory' of mirror-touch synesthesia (a condition in which observing another person being touched evokes the sensation of being touched) proposes that somatosensory mirror activity occurs in all individuals, only becoming mirror-touch synesthesia once it passes the threshold for active perception (Ward and Banissy, 2015). In movement execution, sensory information provides critical feedback for the accuracy of movements, allowing comparison of the actual and predicted sensory consequences of actions (Hardwick et al, 2012;Muckli and Petro, 2017). This finding is also consistent with models proposing that motor imagery, and potentially action observation, lead to sensory efference in a similar manner as movement execution (Crammond, 1997).…”

Section: Somatosensory Cortexmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural correlates of action: Comparing meta-analyses of imagery, observation, and execution

Hardwick

Caspers

Eickhoff

et al. 2018

Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews

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551

393

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Several models propose Motor Imagery, Action Observation, and Movement Execution recruit the same brain regions. There is, however, no quantitative synthesis of the literature that directly compares their respective networks. Here we summarized data from neuroimaging experiments examining Motor Imagery (303 experiments, 4902 participants), Action Observation (595 experiments, 11,032 participants), and related control tasks involving Movement Execution (142 experiments, 2302 participants). Comparisons across these networks showed that Motor Imagery and Action Observation recruited similar premotor-parietal cortical networks. However, while Motor Imagery recruited a similar subcortical network to Movement Execution, Action Observation did not consistently recruit any subcortical areas. These data quantify and amend previous models of the similarities in the networks for Motor Imagery, Action Observation, and Movement Execution, while highlighting key differences in their recruitment of motor cortex, parietal cortex, and subcortical structures.

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“…This is analogous to the algorithmic level of analysis that David Marr proposed 40 years ago [122]. There are still multiple alternative answers, ranging from a timing device, or associative learning network, to my preferred hypothesis, as a short-term predictor—specifically that the cerebellum contributes a state estimation towards forward modelling, predicting the causal chain from motor commands to changes in state of the modelled system [123]. We have recent evidence that the same may hold true for prediction in language processing [124].…”

Section: A Systems-level View Of Cerebellar Motor and Cognitive Functmentioning

confidence: 99%

Consensus Paper: Towards a Systems-Level View of Cerebellar Function: the Interplay Between Cerebellum, Basal Ganglia, and Cortex

et al. 2016

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Despite increasing evidence suggesting the cerebellum works in concert with the cortex and basal ganglia, the nature of the reciprocal interactions between these three brain regions remains unclear. This consensus paper gathers diverse recent views on a variety of important roles played by the cerebellum within the cerebello-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical system across a range of motor and cognitive functions. The paper includes theoretical and empirical contributions, which cover the following topics: recent evidence supporting the dynamical interplay between cerebellum, basal ganglia, and cortical areas in humans and other animals; theoretical neuroscience perspectives and empirical evidence on the reciprocal influences between cerebellum, basal ganglia, and cortex in learning and control processes; and data suggesting possible roles of the cerebellum in basal ganglia movement disorders. Although starting from different backgrounds and dealing with different topics, all the contributors agree that viewing the cerebellum, basal ganglia, and cortex as an integrated system enables us to understand the function of these areas in radically different ways. In addition, there is unanimous consensus between the authors that future experimental and computational work is needed to understand the function of cerebellar-basal ganglia circuitry in both motor and non-motor functions. The paper reports the most advanced perspectives on the role of the cerebellum within the cerebello-basal ganglia-thalamo-cortical system and illustrates other elements of consensus as well as disagreements and open questions in the field.

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State Estimation and the Cerebellum

Cited by 9 publications

References 26 publications

Cerebellar direct current stimulation enhances motor learning in older adults

Cerebellar direct current stimulation enhances motor learning in older adults

Neural correlates of action: Comparing meta-analyses of imagery, observation, and execution

Consensus Paper: Towards a Systems-Level View of Cerebellar Function: the Interplay Between Cerebellum, Basal Ganglia, and Cortex

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