State Estimation and Control of Electric Loads to Manage Real-Time Energy Imbalance

Mathieu, Johanna L.; Koch, Stephan; Callaway, Duncan S.

doi:10.1109/tpwrs.2012.2204074

Cited by 519 publications

(288 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Many existing works use a first-order linear system to capture the TCL dynamics [11], [15], [16], where only consists of the room temperature. Although the first-order model is adequate for small TCLs such as refrigerators, it is not appropriate for residential air conditioning systems, which require a 2-D linear system model incorporating both air and mass temperature dynamics [12].…”

Section: B Individual Load Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Market-Based Coordination of Thermostatically Controlled Loads—Part I: A Mechanism Design Formulation

Zhang

Lian

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Power Syst.

132

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This paper focuses on the coordination of a population of thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) with unknown parameters to achieve group objectives. The problem involves designing the device bidding and market clearing strategies to motivate self-interested users to realize efficient energy allocation subject to a peak energy constraint. This coordination problem is formulated as a mechanism design problem, and we propose a mechanism to implement the social choice function in dominant strategy equilibrium. The proposed mechanism consists of a novel bidding and clearing strategy that incorporates the internal dynamics of TCLs in the market mechanism design, and we show it can realize the team optimal solution. This paper is divided into two parts. Part I presents a mathematical formulation of the problem and develops a coordination framework using the mechanism design approach. Part II presents a learning scheme to account for the unknown load model parameters, and evaluates the proposed framework through realistic simulations.Index Terms-Demand response, market-based coordination, mechanism design, thermostatically controlled loads.

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Section: B Individual Load Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some of these DLC methods require fast communications between the aggregator and individual loads. The communication overhead can be reduced using advanced state estimation algorithms [15], [16] that can accurately estimate load state information without frequently collecting measurements from the loads.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Market-Based Coordination of Thermostatically Controlled Loads—Part I: A Mechanism Design Formulation

Zhang

Lian

et al. 2016

IEEE Trans. Power Syst.

132

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“…Most of the current large scale DLC programs work on thermostatic loads [1,2], such as air conditioners and heating systems, because they allow a fine-tuning regulation of power demand. Alternative approaches consider electric vehicles or other battery-empowered appliances [4] which, beside acting as adaptive loads, can also reinject energy in the grid.…”

Section: Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the past DLC was used in critical situations to prevent blackouts by shutting down these loads. More recently, an extensive use of DLC has been advocated as a way to shape energy demand peaks or provide other ancillary services [1,2,3].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Scalable and privacy-preserving admission control for smart grids

Neglia

Bella

Giarré

et al. 2015

2015 54th IEEE Conference on Decision and Control (CDC)

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Abstract:Energy demand and production need to be constantly matched in the power grid. The traditional paradigm to continuously adapt the production to the demand is challenged by the increasing penetration of more variable and less predictable energy sources, like solar photovoltaics and wind power. An alternative approach is the so called direct control of some inherently flexible electric loads to shape the demand. Direct control of deferrable loads presents analogies with flow admission control in telecommunication networks: a request for network resources (bandwidth or energy) can be delayed on the basis of the current network status in order to guarantee some performance metrics. In this report we go beyond such an analogy, showing that usual teletraffic tools can be effectively used to control energy loads. In particular we propose a family of control schemes which can be easily tuned to achieve the desired trade-off among resources' usage, control overhead and privacy leakage.Key-words: smart grids, direct load control, admission control, privacy, large deviation * Inria Sophia-Antipolis Méditerranée Email: giovanni.neglia@inria.fr † Swarm Joint Open Lab, TELECOM ITALIA, Email: giuseppe.dibella@telecomitalia.it. ‡ Università degli Studi di Palermo, Email: {firstname.lastname}@unipa.it Contrôle d'admission passant à l'échelle et préservant la vie privée pour les réseaux intelligents Résumé :Demande et production d'énergie doivent être constamment équilibrées dans le réseau électrique. Le paradigme traditionnel qui consiste à adapter dynamiquement la production à la demande est contesté par la montée en puissance de sources d'énergie plus variables et moins prévisibles, comme l'énergie solaire photovoltaïque et l'énergie éolienne. Une approche alternative est le contrôle direct de certaines charges électriques intrinsèquement flexibles dans le but de modeler la demande. Le contrôle direct des charges reportables présente des analogies avec le contrôle d'admission des flux de données dans les réseaux de télécommunication : une demande pour les ressources du réseau (bande passante ou énergie) peut être différée selon l'état actuel du réseau afin de garantir certaines mesures de performance. Dans ce rapport, nous allons au-delà d'une telle analogie et montrons que les outils de télétrafic habituels peuvent être efficacement utilisés pour contrôler les charges électriques. En particulier, nous proposons une famille de schémas de contrôle qui peuvent être facilement configurés pour atteindre le compromis souhaité entre utilisation de ressources, coûts du contrôle et révélation d'informations privées.

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“…As a follow-up work of the method, a centralized DR control algorithm considering customer satisfaction was proposed in [17,18]. Reference [19] presented a non-uniform bin model-an extension of the uniform bin models in [20][21][22], with the only difference being the length of each bin. References [23][24][25] focused on identifying the model parameters from a real population of devices and applying to DR project.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Provision of Supplementary Load Frequency Control via Aggregation of Air Conditioning Loads

Zhou

Wang

et al. 2015

Energies

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Abstract:The integration of large-scale renewable energy poses great challenges for the operation of power system because of its increased frequency fluctuations. More load frequency control (LFC) resources are demanded in order to maintain a stable system with more renewable energy injected. Unlike the costly LFC resources on generation side, the thermostatically controlled loads (TCLs) on the demand side become an attractive solution on account of its substantial quantities and heat-storage capacity. It generally contains air conditioners (ACs), water heaters and fridges. In this paper, the supplementary LFC is extracted by the modeling and controlling of aggregated ACs. We first present a control framework integrating the supplementary LFC with the traditional LFC. Then, a change-time-priority-list method is proposed to control power output taking into account customers' satisfaction. Simulations on a single-area power system with wind power integration demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The impact of ambient temperature changes and customer preferences on room temperature is also involved in the discussion. Results show that the supplementary LFC provided by ACs could closely track the LFC signals and effectively reduce the frequency deviation.

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State Estimation and Control of Electric Loads to Manage Real-Time Energy Imbalance

Cited by 519 publications

References 24 publications

Market-Based Coordination of Thermostatically Controlled Loads—Part I: A Mechanism Design Formulation

Market-Based Coordination of Thermostatically Controlled Loads—Part I: A Mechanism Design Formulation

Scalable and privacy-preserving admission control for smart grids

Provision of Supplementary Load Frequency Control via Aggregation of Air Conditioning Loads

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