State Differentiation by Climate Ambition: Implications for World Politics

Zhornist, Vera; Nesmashny, Alexander; Kharkevich, M. V.; Safranchuk, Ivan

doi:10.17323/1996-7845-2022-01-08

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 1 publication

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“…It is noteworthy that a withdrawal of about ten thousand American troops from Germany, announced by Trump but never implemented, caused a controversial reaction (Kirchick, 2020), instead of "punishing" Germany for not increasing its military spending. Europe has made the greatest strides in promoting the green agenda (Zhornist et al, 2022) that is not so beneficial for the United States, which is less energy dependent. However, Europe's sovereignty should not be overestimated, since European countries and the United States often have identical preferences due to their ideological commonness, the cohesion of their elites, and similar levels of economic development.…”

Section: American Hegemony and The Dismantling Of The World Ordermentioning

confidence: 99%

European Security Crisis and U.S. Hegemony: Reversing the Decline?

Nesmashnyi¹

2023

RGA

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The article investigates the impact of the 2022 European security crisis on global hegemony. The author conceptualizes international hegemony as a legitimate rule based on the provision of club and public goods, and on coercion. The more benefits a hegemon's allies get from such international order and the more they fear coercion, the more they are willing to contribute to the hegemonic project. In recent years, the academic literature has increasingly documented the United States' decline as a hegemonic power. In trying to consolidate power and optimize costs, the hegemon has shattered international regimes it helped create, thereby losing much of its international legitimacy. A comparative analysis of the European reaction to the 2014 and 2022 Ukraine crises shows how the perceived "Russian threat" to security has instantly boosted the legitimacy of NATO and the U.S. as the main security provider. As a result, the U.S. no longer faces opposition from its allies to its attempts to dismantle existing international regimes and halt the production of public goods. The threat-RUSSIA IN GLOBAL AFFAIRS 132 European Security Crisis and U.S. Hegemony: Reversing the Decline? induced consolidation effect is not perpetual, and the current crisis entails some long-term negative consequences for future hegemony. However, the U.S. has acquired a chance to use its preponderant capabilities and loyal allies to safeguard its hegemony over the period of international reordering.

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Section: American Hegemony and The Dismantling Of The World Ordermentioning

confidence: 99%

European Security Crisis and U.S. Hegemony: Reversing the Decline?

Nesmashnyi¹

2023

RGA

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International Hierarchy and Functional Differentiation of States: Results of an Expert Survey

Nesmashnyi

Zhornist

Safranchuk

2022

Vestnik MGIMO-universiteta

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This article investigates the existing international hierarchy employing expert survey as its primary method. 'Authority hierarchy' and 'power status hierarchy,' the two existing research traditions of hierarchy studies, are briefly introduced. We demonstrate a gap between basic research on power status, emphasizing its social nature, and applied case studies, primarily relying on purely material indicators of a country's capabilities, such as the GDP and CINC. In times of rapid hierarchical shifts, there is a need for a more nuanced and holistic approach. The article suggests placing hierarchy studies onto the ontological foundation of Niklas Luhmann's Differentiation Theory to overcome these problems. We trace the international society's segmentary differentiation, stratificatory differentiation (status hierarchy), and functional differentiation (specialization). The paper argues that the functional roles of states and their positions in the international hierarchy are interconnected. The hierarchy of states' roles, resulting from functional differentiation, is understood in terms of authority hierarchy. In order to lay the ground for further research, three valuable insights of states in the international hierarchy. Firstly, we categorize 26 countries as belonging to one of the power status categories (small power, middle power, great power, superpower) as of autumn 2021 based on the survey results. We calculate indices operationalizing power, roles, public goods provision, and revisionism for the states in the survey. Secondly, the paper presents experts' evaluations of the importance of various valued attributes (such as the size of the economy, military might, international prestige, autonomy, etc.) for different power status categories. Thirdly, we suggest a novel approach linking a country's position in the international hierarchy to its functional roles. We use correlation analysis to test the hypothesis and compare the roles index to other popular power status indicators.

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State Differentiation by Climate Ambition: Implications for World Politics

Cited by 2 publications

References 1 publication

European Security Crisis and U.S. Hegemony: Reversing the Decline?

European Security Crisis and U.S. Hegemony: Reversing the Decline?

International Hierarchy and Functional Differentiation of States: Results of an Expert Survey

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