State-dependent learning effects with a combination of alcohol and nicotine

Lowe, G.

doi:10.1007/bf00175199

Cited by 26 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…This phenomenon was named ethanol state-dependent learning which was previously studied [28]. The term is used to describe the finding that behavior learned in one drug state is better remembered when retention is tested in the same drug state [2]. The present results also show that, the pretrain and pre-test administration of ethanol also reversed the decrease in inhibitory avoidance response induced by ethanol.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

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Effects of Melissa officinalis on ethanol state-dependent learning in nicotine- treated mice

Ahmadi¹

2016

MOJAP

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Objectives: Melissa officinalis has antioxidant and antidepressant effects. Besides, it could be good in learning and memory due to its terpenoides. The possible role of Melissa officinalis on ethanol state-dependent learning was studied in adult nicotine-treated male mice.Methods: As a model of memory, a single-trial step-down passive avoidance task was used. In this project, ethanol (0.25, 1 g/kg) and nicotine (0.01, 0.1 mg/ kg) was administrated 30 minutes before training and testing. Melissa officinalis extract (25 mg/kg) was administrated 30 minutes before testing, and then step down latency (SDL) was measured. Key finding:The obtained results showed that administration of ethanol (0.25, 1 g/kg) and nicotine (0.1 mg/ kg) before training could decrease SDL, whereas, nicotine (0.01mg/kg) increased SDL. Conclusion:Pre testing administration of ethanol (1 g/kg), nicotine (0.1 mg/kg) and Melissa officinalis extract (25 mg/kg) could ameliorate decreasing effects of pre training ethanol (0.25, 1 g/kg) and nicotine (0.1 mg/kg) on SDL. Keywords: Mellisa Officinalis Extract (Varangboo); Ethanol State DependentLearning; Nicotine-Treated Mice Institute of Iran, housed in groups of six in stainless-steel cages, and given food and water ad libitum under a standard 12 h light/12 h dark cycle. All training and test sessions were performed in a glass room where only the wooden platform was placed in (standard conditions) middle of the box. Effects of Melissa Officinalis on Ethanol State-Dependent Learning in Nicotine-TreatedFour groups of animals received saline 30 minutes before training and saline, nicotine (0.01, 0.1 mg/kg), ethanol (1, 0.25 g/ kg) and Melissa officinalis extract (25 mg/kg) before testing. Other groups received ethanol( 0.25 g/kg) 30 minutes before training and ethanol (0.25g/kg) before testing, two groups, 30 minutes before training received ethanol (0.25, 1 g/kg) and nicotine (0.1, 0.01 mg/kg). These groups also received saline before testing. Three groups received ethanol (0.25 g/kg), nicotine (0.1 mg/kg) and both of them 30 minutes before training and Melissa officinalis extract (25 mg/kg) before testing. Behavioral proceduresTraining: In the training day, each mice received nicotine or ethanol intra peritoneally (IP) and then 30 min after injection each mice was gently placed on the platform. Five seconds 0.4-mA shock was applied to the grid after which animals were immediately withdrawn from the training apparatus. This training procedure was carried out.Retention test: Twenty-four hours after training, step-down latency was measured 30 min after the last injection. Each mice was gently placed on the platform, without any shock. The stepdown latency (SDL) was taken as a measure of retention. Task:The wood escape platform used for the spatial task at the middle of the glassy box. An electric shock (0.4 mA, 5 s) was delivered to the grid floor by an isolated stimulator. Plant material and extraction procedureThe total plant extract was obtained by extraction of dried and milled plant leaves w...

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

“…The term is used to describe the finding that behavior learning in one drug state is better remembered when retention is tested in the same drug state [2]. It is a well-known fact that ethanol, in view of its depressant effects [3], causes learning and memory deficits; it can however also exert facilitatory effects on memory [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Melissa officinalis on ethanol state-dependent learning in nicotine- treated mice

Ahmadi¹

2016

MOJAP

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“…Although there is a very rich theoretical and empirical literature on state-dependent learning with such drugs as ethanol, chlordiazepoxide, pentobarbital, and midazolam [11,17,18,19,[24][25][26][27]30,37], such an extant literature does not exist for nicotine. In fact, the only replicated demonstration that nicotine might have a state-dependent effect used human smokers and recall of word lists [21,29,35]. Like other performance tasks using smokers that abstain from nicotine, whether these effects are attributable to nicotine withdrawal (or relief from withdrawal) or to state dependency is unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nicotine does not produce state-dependent effects on learning in a Pavlovian appetitive goal tracking task with rats

Bevins

Penrod

Reichel

2007

Behavioural Brain Research

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Past research has shown that when rats received 0.4 mg base/kg nicotine paired reliably with intermittent sucrose delivery that anticipatory sucrose-seeking behavior (i.e., goal tracking) was differentially displayed in the nicotine state relative to intermixed saline sessions in which no sucrose was delivered. The present research extended this observation to a lower dose of nicotine (i.e., 0.2 mg base/kg) and tested a state-dependent learning account of differential conditioned responding. According to this account, the increase in goal tracking on nicotine sessions reflects a chambersucrose association that is only recalled when in the nicotine state. We used a 2 × 2 factorial design in which rats received sucrose deliveries in one drug state (nicotine or saline) and were then tested in the same state (Nic→Nic or Sal→Sal) or a different state (Nic→Sal or Sal→Nic) after acquiring the conditioned response. A state-dependency account predicts disruption in conditioned goal tracking for rats that receive a shift in drug state on the test day. This disruption did not occur suggesting that differential control of conditioned responding by nicotine is more likely due to a direct excitatory association between the interoceptive cueing effects of nicotine and the appetitive qualities of sucrose.

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“…Since familiarity did not benefit from the interactive context (high associations) in the present study it was not possible to show a differential effect of drug state on high versus low associations. Although the effect of drug state to facilitate recollective experience on the basis of the evidence in the literature (Weingartner and Murphy 1977;Kent et al 1986;Lowe 1986) is easy to understand the increased familiarity responses in different drug compared to same drug state is puzzling. A reasonable question to pose is whether the recollective experience and familiarity are interdependent and serve a limited memory system that trades off between the two.…”

Section: Cued Recall Word Stem Completion (Explicit Memory)mentioning

confidence: 97%

State-dependent effects of alcohol on recollective experience, familiarity and awareness of memories

2000

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In summary, these results demonstrate a dissociation of alcohol effects on measures of EM and IM. Alcohol administered prior to encoding reduced awareness of implicitly retrieved material, but did not impair IM per se, confirming previous findings with alcohol. In addition, the data provided new evidence for state-dependent retrieval effects on EM but not IM. It was also shown that for explicitly retrieved items, recollective experience benefits from same drug state, whereas familiarity benefits from different drug state between encoding and retrieval.

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State-dependent learning effects with a combination of alcohol and nicotine

Cited by 26 publications

References 14 publications

Effects of Melissa officinalis on ethanol state-dependent learning in nicotine- treated mice

Effects of Melissa officinalis on ethanol state-dependent learning in nicotine- treated mice

Nicotine does not produce state-dependent effects on learning in a Pavlovian appetitive goal tracking task with rats

State-dependent effects of alcohol on recollective experience, familiarity and awareness of memories

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