State Characterization of Lithium-Ion Battery Based on Ultrasonic Guided Wave Scanning

Abstract

Accurate state characterization of batteries is conducive to ensuring the safety, reliability, and efficiency of their work. In recent years, ultrasonic non-destructive testing technology has been gradually applied to battery state estimation. In this paper, research on the state characterization of lithium-ion batteries based on ultrasonic guided wave (UGW) scanning is carried out. The laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) and the X-Y stage are used to obtain the surface scanning UGW signal and the line scanning UGW signal of lithium-ion batteries under different states of charge and different aging degrees. The propagation law of UGWs in the battery is analyzed by surface scanning signals, then the energy spectrum of the signals is calculated, showing that the aging of the battery attenuates the transmission energy of UGWs. The “point” parameters are extracted from the scanning point signals. On this basis, the “line” parameters composed of line scanning multi-point signals are extracted. By analyzing the changing law of parameters during the charge–discharge process of batteries, several characteristic parameters that can be used to characterize the battery state of charge and state of health are obtained. The method has good consistency in the state characterization of the three batteries and provides a new approach for non-destructive testing and evaluation of battery states.

Quantitative Ultrasound Spectroscopy for Screening Cylindrical Lithium‐Ion Batteries for Second‐Life Applications

“…This work reported an inverse linear relationship between the ToF and the SOC and the authors also observed a shift towards lower ToF and higher amplitude of the ultrasonic guided waves as a function of the number of charge/discharge cycles during aging. Moreover, recent studies have correlated different characteristics of guided waves to the battery state [53–55] . It should be noted that guided waves often operate at lower frequencies than compression waves, and are well suited to prismatic and pouch form factors [56] …”

“…Moreover, recent studies have correlated different characteristics of guided waves to the battery state. [53][54][55] It should be noted that guided waves often operate at lower frequencies than compression waves, and are well suited to prismatic and pouch form factors. [56] Cylindrical LIBs are widely used in consumer electronics and have gained significant traction in the automotive industry, particularly with Tesla's announcement of the cylindrical 4680 format.…”

Ultrasonic Nondestructive Diagnosis of Cylindrical Batteries Under Various Charging Rates

“…Lithium-ion batteries have become an ideal candidate for electrochemical energy storage systems, which are widely used in portable electronic devices and electric vehicles due to their advantages of high energy density, long life cycles, and low environmental pollution. 1 Storing energy using lithium-ion batteries is one of the most efficient means of decarbonization and electrification because it could facilitate the use of renewable energy and reduce the energy dependence on fossil fuels (i.e. oil and gas).…”

“…These traditional methods also require extra hardware and/or advanced algorithms, such as the Kalman filter, to acquire the measurements, and therefore, they are not very efficient in improving the efficiency of battery state estimation. 1,11 Current evaluation technologies for lithium-ion battery state are mainly focused on the SoC and the SoH because they indicate the battery's remaining capacity and aging level, respectively. 1,12 The SoC is expressed as a percentage (i.e., 0% for full discharge and 100% for full charge) and is a time-relative indication between the average lithium-ion concentration on the anode surface compared to the maximum concentration that could be stored in the electrode.…”

“…1,11 Current evaluation technologies for lithium-ion battery state are mainly focused on the SoC and the SoH because they indicate the battery's remaining capacity and aging level, respectively. 1,12 The SoC is expressed as a percentage (i.e., 0% for full discharge and 100% for full charge) and is a time-relative indication between the average lithium-ion concentration on the anode surface compared to the maximum concentration that could be stored in the electrode. 2 SoH indicates the batteryʼs age and is expressed by the relation between the batteryʼs current practical capacity and nominal capacity.…”