“…According to the new government leaders' an-nouncements, their government would lead to reverse or correction of systemic reforms that occurred in Poland after the fall of communism, including those that affect the most important institutions. As a result, an illiberal, authoritarian (see: Chart 1) and the statist turn in Poland happened, which is well documented in the literature (see: Bugarič, 2019;Dąbrowska, 2019;Ginsburg, 2020;Grzymala-Busse, 2018;Kozarzewski & Bałtowski, 2022;Markowski, 2019;Sadurski, 2019;Smiecinska, 2020). It is not my goal to summarize the literature.…”