State Authority and Legal Action: How to Prevent the State Misconduct?

Abstract

The ideal organization is the bureaucracy whose activities and objectives rationally think and divisions of duty and authority are clearly stated. There are some expert opinions on the notion of authority. According to Philipus M. Hadjon, in constitutional law, the Authority (Bevoegdheid) is described as the rule of law (Rechtsmacht). So in the concept of public law, authority relates to power. Ferrazi defines the authority as the right to do one or more management functions, which include arrangements (regulation and standardization), Management (Administration) and supervision (supervision) or specific affairs.

Implementation of Provision of Legal Protection for Buyers for Warranty of Goods in the Country of Indonesia

“…Van Hamel stated, among other things, that Criminal Law has developed into Public Law, where its implementation is entirely in the hands of the state, with a few exceptions. The exception is against complaint offenses (klachtdelicht), which requires a complaint (klacht) in advance from the aggrieved party so that the state can implement it (Zamakhsyari et al, 2020).…”