State- and Trait-Related Alterations of Motor Cortex Excitability in Tinnitus Patients

Schecklmann, Martin; Landgrebe, Michael; Kleinjung, Tobias; Frank, Elmar; Rupprecht, Rainer; Sand, Philipp G.; Eichhammer, Peter; Hajak, Göran; Langguth, Berthold

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0085015

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…Neural changes in auditory sensation can induce changes in the motor network via cross-modal plasticity [30]. Even comorbid conditions of tinnitus, such as anxiety or affective disorders, may correlate with motor cortex excitability, and it has been proven that effective therapeutic interventions are correlated with decreased activity of the motor network [31]. Similarly, the somatosensory network may also be activated by possible tinnitus etiologies [32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Network Evaluation by Functional-Guided Effective Connectivity Reinforcement Learning Method Indicates Therapeutic Effect for Tinnitus

Lv,

Liu,

Chen

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng.

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Using functional connectivity (FC) or effective connectivity (EC) alone cannot effectively delineate brain networks based on functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) data, limiting the understanding of the mechanism of tinnitus and its treatment.Investigating brain FC is a foundational step in exploring EC. This study proposed a functionally guided EC (FGEC) method based on reinforcement learning (FGE-CRL) to enhance the precision of identifying EC between distinct brain regions. An actor-critic framework with an encoder-decoder model was adopted as the actor network. The encoder utilizes a transformer model; the decoder employs a bidirectional long short-term memory network with attention. An FGEC network was constructed for the enrolled participants per fMRI scan, including 65 patients with tinnitus and 28 control participants healthy at the enrollment time. After 6 months of sound therapy for tinnitus and prospective follow-up, fMRI data were acquired again and retrospectively categorized into an effective group (EG) and an ineffective group (IG) according to the treatment effect.Compared with FC and EC, the FGECRL method demonstrated better accuracy in discriminating between different groups, highlighting the advantage of FGECRL in identifying brain network features. For the FGEC network of the EG and IG per state (before and after treatment) and healthy controls, effective therapy is characterized by a similar pattern of FGEC network between patients with tinnitus after treatment and healthy controls. Deactivated information output in the motor network, somatosensory network, and medioventral occipital cortex may biologically indicate effective treatment. The maintenance of decreased EC in the primary auditory cortex may represent a failure of sound therapy, further supporting the Bayesian inference theory for tinnitus perception.The FGEC network can provide direct evidence for the

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Network Evaluation by Functional-Guided Effective Connectivity Reinforcement Learning Method Indicates Therapeutic Effect for Tinnitus

Lv,

Liu,

Chen

et al. 2024

IEEE Trans. Neural Syst. Rehabil. Eng.

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“…The cardiac autonomic responses found in our investigation are supported by previous studies that showed physiological mechanisms to explain it. The brain and brain stem process auditory 27 and cardiovascular information. 28 , 29 Histaminergic H3 receptors in the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus were also reported to be involved in sympathetic and parasympathetic responses induced by relaxant music.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of auditory stimulation with music of different intensities on heart period

Amaral

Guida

Abreu

et al. 2016

Journal of Traditional and Complementary Medicine

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Various studies have indicated that music therapy with relaxant music improves cardiac function of patients treated with cardiotoxic medication and heavy-metal music acutely reduces heart rate variability (HRV). There is also evidence that white noise auditory stimulation above 50 dB causes cardiac autonomic responses. In this study, we aimed to evaluate the acute effects of musical auditory stimulation with different intensities on cardiac autonomic regulation. This study was performed on 24 healthy women between 18 and 25 years of age. We analyzed HRV in the time [standard deviation of normal-to-normal RR intervals (SDNN), percentage of adjacent RR intervals with a difference of duration >50 ms (pNN50), and root-mean square of differences between adjacent normal RR intervals in a time interval (RMSSD)] and frequency [low frequency (LF), high frequency (HF), and LF/HF ratio] domains. HRV was recorded at rest for 10 minutes. Subsequently, the volunteers were exposed to baroque or heavy-metal music for 5 minutes through an earphone. The volunteers were exposed to three equivalent sound levels (60–70, 70–80, and 80–90 dB). After the first baroque or heavy-metal music, they remained at rest for 5 minutes and then they were exposed to the other music. The sequence of songs was randomized for each individual. Heavy-metal musical auditory stimulation at 80–90 dB reduced the SDNN index compared with control (44.39 ± 14.40 ms vs. 34.88 ± 8.69 ms), and stimulation at 60–70 dB decreased the LF (ms2) index compared with control (668.83 ± 648.74 ms2 vs. 392.5 ± 179.94 ms2). Baroque music at 60–70 dB reduced the LF (ms2) index (587.75 ± 318.44 ms2 vs. 376.21 ± 178.85 ms2). In conclusion, heavy-metal and baroque musical auditory stimulation at lower intensities acutely reduced global modulation of the heart and only heavy-metal music reduced HRV at higher intensities.

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“…Statistical analyses were performed with SPSS 18.0.0 (SPSS, USA). As the focus of this analysis were rTMS induced effects on cortical excitability we abstain from reporting treatment efficacy data which have already been published elsewhere [ 7 , 22 , 29 , 30 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in motor cortex excitability associated with temporal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in tinnitus: hints for cross-modal plasticity?

et al. 2014

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BackgroundMotor cortex excitability was found to be changed after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the temporal cortex highlighting the occurrence of cross-modal plasticity in non-invasive brain stimulation. Here, we investigated the effects of temporal low-frequency rTMS on motor cortex plasticity in a large sample of tinnitus patients. In 116 patients with chronic tinnitus different parameters of cortical excitability were assessed before and after ten rTMS treatment sessions. Patients received one of three different protocols all including 1 Hz rTMS over the left temporal cortex. Treatment response was defined as improvement by at least five points in the tinnitus questionnaire (TQ). Variables of interest were resting motor threshold (RMT), short-interval intra-cortical inhibition (SICI), intracortical facilitation (ICF), and cortical silent period (CSP).ResultsAfter rTMS treatment RMT was decreased by about 1% of stimulator output near-significantly in the whole group of patients. SICI was associated with significant changes with respect to treatment response. The group of treatment responders showed a decrease of SICI over the course of treatment, the group of non-responders the reverse pattern.ConclusionsMinor RMT changes during rTMS treatment do not necessarily suggest the need for systematic re-examination of the RMT for safety and efficacy issues. Treatment response to rTMS was shown to be related to changes in SICI that might reflect modulation of GABAergic mechanisms directly or indirectly related to rTMS treatment effects.

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State- and Trait-Related Alterations of Motor Cortex Excitability in Tinnitus Patients

Cited by 5 publications

References 47 publications

Brain Network Evaluation by Functional-Guided Effective Connectivity Reinforcement Learning Method Indicates Therapeutic Effect for Tinnitus

Brain Network Evaluation by Functional-Guided Effective Connectivity Reinforcement Learning Method Indicates Therapeutic Effect for Tinnitus

Effects of auditory stimulation with music of different intensities on heart period

Changes in motor cortex excitability associated with temporal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in tinnitus: hints for cross-modal plasticity?

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