“…However, most theorists recognise that ethnic rule operates differently in both contexts, with ethnocratiser states forced by their democratic facade to offer considerably more rights to the subjugated Other than outright authoritarianism would require (Smooha, 2002a, p.480;. Even those who emphasise the ethnic rule common to both (Ghanem, 1998) make a distinction between states where domination is achieved via electoral process, and those where it is achieved via authoritarian subjugation (Ghanem, 1998;2009, p.463). (Piterberg, 2001, p.56;Sa'di, 2004, p.142).…”