Stat 4 but not Stat 6 mediated immune mechanisms are essential in protection against plague

Yersinia pestis (Y. Pestis) is an infamous pathogen causing plague pandemics throughout history and is a selected agent of bioterrorism threatening public health. Y. pestis was first isolated by Alexandre Yersin in 1894 in Hong Kong and in the following years from all continents. Plague is enzootic in different rodents and their fleas in Africa, North and South America, and Asia, including the Middle/Far East and ex-USSR countries. Comprehending the multifaceted interaction between Y. pestis and the host immune system will enable us to design more effective vaccines. Innate immune response and both components (humoral and cellular) of adaptive immune response contribute to host defense against Y. pestis infection, but the bacterium possesses different mechanisms to counteract the immune response. The review aims to analyze the role of immune response versus Yersinia pestis infection and to highlight the various stratagems adopted by Y. pestis to escape the immunological defenses.

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“…These studies confirm that cellular immunity, in the absence of antibody, can protect the animal against pulmonary Y. pestis infection [70].…”

Section: Cellular Immune Responses To Y Pestissupporting

confidence: 68%

“…More and more evidence shows that cellmediated immune responses also play an important role in defense against Y. pestis [69,70].…”

Section: Cellular Immune Responses To Y Pestismentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of immune response in Yersinia pestis infection

Amedei

Niccolai

Marino

et al. 2011

J Infect Dev Ctries

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“…Cell-mediated immunity to Y. pestis is also likely to be important for vaccine-mediated protection against plague, however, the exact nature and role of CMI in protection is not clear at this time. Studies in mice have suggested an essential role for ␥-IFN and TNF-␣, which may be suppressed by V antigen in naive mice [21,29]. Peptides made of the V antigen from Y. pestis are recognized by murine T cells and vaccination with V peptides induced ␥-IFN production by CD4 + T cells and were sufficient to protect in vivo against challenge with Y. enterocolitica [30].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Respiratory immunity is an important component of protection elicited by subunit vaccination against pneumonic plague

Reed

Martinez

2006

Vaccine

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“…Cellular immunity plays an important role in protection against pneumonic plague (45,46,(85)(86)(87)(88). To stimulate cellular immunity, heterologous antigens fused with YopE (aa 1 to 138) allow the chimeric protein to be specifically transported via the T3SS of live attenuated Y. pseudotuberculosis strains to become accessible to the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I-restricted antigenprocessing pathways and stimulate an antigen-specific cellular immune response (40,41).…”

Section: Constructionmentioning

confidence: 99%