Starvation in Daphnia: Energy reserves and reproductive allocation1

Tessier, Alan J.; Henry, Linda; Goulden, Clyde E.; Durand, Mark W.

doi:10.4319/lo.1983.28.4.0667

Cited by 242 publications

(207 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(9 reference statements)

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“…However, similar-sized eggs of both types did not differ in the amount of triglycerides, the most important energy storage molecules in Daphnia (Tessier et al, 1983). The higher relative amount of Hsp60 in dormant eggs is consistent with the fact that heat-shock proteins can play a cryoprotective role during diapause (Denlinger et al, 2001).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

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Biochemical adaptation for dormancy in subitaneous and dormant eggs of Daphnia magna

et al. 2007

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Daphnia can reproduce through subitaneous and dormant eggs. The production of dormant eggs is induced by stimuli associated with deteriorating growth conditions, and enable Daphnia populations to survive temporarily harsh environmental conditions. Dormant eggs are expected to have developed special biochemical adaptations to bridge this long unfavourable period, but little comparative biochemical data are available for dormant and subitaneous eggs. We compared levels of the following molecules between subitaneous and dormant eggs: (a) triglycerides, which are the most abundant energy storage molecules in Daphnia, (b) glycerol, a cryoprotectant also involved in energy storage, and (c) the heat shock protein Hsp60, a molecular chaperone that may assist in maintaining protein structural integrity and inhibiting cell metabolism during diapause. Unexpectedly, no difference in triglycerides content between egg types was found. As expected, dormant eggs contained more glycerol and relatively more Hsp60 than subitaneous eggs. The biochemical composition of dormant eggs can therefore be seen as an adaptation to the harsh environmental conditions these eggs encounter.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 59%

“…In adult Daphnia, triglycerides (esters of fatty acids and glycerol) are the key energy storage molecules (Peters, 1987). Half of the accumulated triglycerides between two moults are allocated to their eggs and during development subitaneous embryos consume half of their triglycerides (Tessier et al, 1983).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biochemical adaptation for dormancy in subitaneous and dormant eggs of Daphnia magna

et al. 2007

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“…Vanderploeg et al (1992) described a decrease in lipid content of a freshwater calanoid from 33-40% for overwintering copepods to 9% during the reproduction period, which is similar to the measurements for the three species included in this study. In cladocerans, Tessier et al (1983) documented a close relationship between lipid accumulation during the intermolt cycle and egg production in an experimental study of two cladoceran species. They also found lipid content to be the main source of dry wt changes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The egg production is totally dependent on simultaneous food supply, a reproductive strategy that is known as the food-dependent reproduction mode. It has been suggested that these reproduction modes are adaptations to habitats with different levels of food availability (Hirche and Kosobokova 2003), the food-dependent reproduction mode being more suitable for productive systems (Tessier et al 1983).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproduction as one of the main causes of temporal variability in the elemental composition of zooplankton

Ventura

Catalan

2005

Limnol. Oceanogr.

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With the aim to determine the contribution of development and reproduction to the variability in the elemental composition of zooplankton, we measured the carbon (C), hydrogen (H), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) elemental composition of the planktonic crustacean assemblage in an alpine lake for a whole seasonal cycle. The species included three distinct living modes: a cladoceran, Daphnia pulicaria; a cyclopoid copepod, Cyclops abyssorum; and a calanoid copepod, Diaptomus cyaneus. For the three species, reproduction was the main cause of elemental variability. Adult females of the three species lost from 32% to 48% of their initial absolute C and H content during reproduction, which corresponded to a similar decrease in their lipid and carbohydrate content. The N content did not change in any of the three species, nor did the protein and chitin content. Daphnia and Diaptomus lost 35% and 56%, respectively, of their initial absolute P content during reproduction, whereas the P content of Cyclops did not change. The three species stored energy compounds under unfavorable conditions for later use in offspring production, but only Diaptomus and Daphnia mobilized stored P. Corresponding stoichiometric changes with reproduction included a decrease in C : N ratio for the three species; an increase in N : P ratio for Daphnia adult females and adults of Diaptomus; and a C : P ratio increase in Diaptomus females and decline in Cyclops females. Differences in C : P ratio changes corresponded with differences in allocation to their respective reproductive tissues. Diaptomus males and Daphnia females did not change their C : P ratio with reproduction.

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“…Bradley et al, 1991;Ebert & Yampolsky, 1993;Stibor, 1995). This means that the timelag between the determination of the weight of the offspring and their release from the broodchamber is 1.6 instar durations, typically around 5.5 days at 20 C. Larger offspring have higher starvation resistance (Threlkeld, 1976;Tessier et al, 1983), and as a result of the shape of the curves relating parental fitness with effort per offspring (see also Smith & Fretwell, 1974), the parental fitness loss of producing offspring which are slightly heavier than would be optimal is much lower than the fitness loss associated with the production of offspring which are slightly lighter than the optimal weight. As the likelihood of deteriorating food conditions is obviously greater at high than at low food levels, the advantage of producing larger-thanoptimal-sized offspring is also larger under high food conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Offspring size in Daphnia: does it pay to be overweight?

Boersma

1997

Cladocera: The Biology of Model Organisms

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Variation in offspring size and number has been described for a wide range of organisms. In this study I investigated the relationship between resource level of the mother and size of her offspring in the cladoceran Daphnia magna, in order to assess whether offspring produced at different food levels are optimal in size for these food levels. Optimal offspring size was defined as the size of offspring that yields the highest parental fitness (i.e. offspring of optimal size have the highest juvenile fitness per unit maternal effort invested in them). I observed that especially at the higher food levels, daphnids produced offspring that are larger than the computed optimal offspring size at these food levels. I interpret this as a mechanism to avoid starvation of neonates in the case of suddenly deteriorating food conditions.

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Starvation in Daphnia: Energy reserves and reproductive allocation1

Cited by 242 publications

References 13 publications

Biochemical adaptation for dormancy in subitaneous and dormant eggs of Daphnia magna

Biochemical adaptation for dormancy in subitaneous and dormant eggs of Daphnia magna

Reproduction as one of the main causes of temporal variability in the elemental composition of zooplankton

Offspring size in Daphnia: does it pay to be overweight?

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