Starvation Enhances Hepatic Free Radical Release Following Endotoxemia

Robinson, Malcolm K.; Rustum, Rami R.; Chambers, Elizabeth A.; Rounds, Jan D.; Wilmore, Douglas W.; Jacobs, Danny O.

doi:10.1006/jsre.1997.5062

Cited by 78 publications

(36 citation statements)

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“…Several studies have been done regarding generation of oxidative stress by starvation [6,7,8,9]. Food deprivation or starvation results in reduction in critical metabolic substrate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Long Period Starvation in Rat: The Effect of Aloe Vera Gel Extract on Oxidative Stress Status

Mojahed

Saeb²,

Mohammadi³

et al. 2016

Int Arch Med

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Objective: Starvation have pro-oxidative effect as a consequence of both elevated ROS generation and defeat in neutralization of ROS. Aloe vera juice induced oxidative stress and significantly decreased antioxidant enzymes levels. The main aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of Aloe vera gel extract on oxidative stress status during long period starvation.Method: Twenty-four mature male albino Wistar rats were housed in standard cages. In this study starvation cycle (rats were starved for two days and then were fed for one day) was used. This study was performed during long period (60 days).Animals were divided into four experimental groups (six rats in each group): 1) normal control; 2) starved rats + water/ethanol; 3) starved rats + hydro-alcoholic Aloe vera gel extract (100 mg/kg); 4) starved rats + hydro-alcoholic Aloe vera gel extract (200 mg/kg); 5) Without starvation with hydro-alcoholic Aloe Vera gel extract (100 mg/kg); 6) Without starvation with hydro-alcoholic Aloe Vera gel extract (200 mg/kg). Blood samples were obtained using cardiac puncture. In blood samples, antioxidant enzymes including SOD, GPx and catalase, antioxidant trace elements including copper, zinc and manganese and antioxidant vitamins including vitamin A, vitamin E and vitamin C were measured.

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“…Several studies have been done regarding generation of oxidative stress by starvation [6,7,8,9]. Food deprivation or starvation results in reduction in critical metabolic substrate.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lipid oxidation increased [3,4] or was not changed [5] during starvation. Starvation has been reported to have pro-oxidative effect as a consequence of both elevated ROS generation and defeat in neutralization of ROS [6,7,8,9].However, one study has reported starvation was not associated with increased oxidative stress in mallards [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Long Period Starvation in Rat: The Effect of Aloe Vera Gel Extract on Oxidative Stress Status

Mojahed

Saeb²,

Mohammadi³

et al. 2016

Int Arch Med

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show abstract

“…Plasma level of vitamin C after treatment with hydroalcoholic Aloe vera gel extract at doses 100 and 200 mg/kg was significantly increased (P<0.05). Robinson et al, 1997;Sorensen et al, 2006). Food deprivation or starvation results in reduction in critical metabolic substrate.…”

Section: Trace Elementsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Lipid oxidation increased (Orellana et al, 1992;Wasselin et al, 2014) or was not changed (MarczukKrynicka et al, 2003) during starvation. Starvation has been reported to have pro-oxidative effect as a consequence of both elevated ROS generation and defeat in neutralization of ROS (Crescimanno et al, 1989;Domenicali et al, 2001;Robinson et al, 1997;Sorensen et al, 2006). However, one study has reported…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short Period Starvation in Rat: The Effect of Aloe Vera Gel Extract on Oxidative Stress Status Ion

Mojahed¹,

Saeb²,

Mohammadi³

et al. 2016

İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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The main aim of this experiment was to evaluate the effect of Aloe vera gel extract on oxidative stress status during starvation. For this purpose, twenty-four mature male albino Wistar rats were housed in standard cages. In this study starvation cycle (rats were starved for two days and then were fed for one day) was used. This study was performed during short period (20 days). Animals were divided into four experimental groups (six rats in each group): 1) normal control; 2) starved rats+water/ethanol; 3) starved rats+hydro-alcoholic

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“…2875 Fasting activates Nrf2 in seals generation and depleting antioxidants (Di Simplicio et al, 1997;Domenicali et al, 2001; Grattagliano et al, 2000;Mårtensson, 1986;Robinson et al, 1997;Sorensen et al, 2006;Rocha et al, 2008;Szkudelski et al, 2004;Vendemiale et al, 2001). In the northern elephant seal, however, prolonged fasting does not increase oxidative stress, likely due to increases in endogenous antioxidant defenses (Vázquez-Medina et al, 2010;Vázquez-Medina et al, 2011b).…”

Section: The Journal Of Experimental Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Prolonged fasting activates Nrf2 in postweaned elephant seals

Vázquez‐Medina

Soñanez‐Organis

Rodríguez

et al. 2013

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARYElephant seals naturally experience prolonged periods of absolute food and water deprivation (fasting). In humans, rats and mice, prolonged food deprivation activates the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and increases oxidative damage. In elephant seals, prolonged fasting activates RAS without increasing oxidative damage likely due to an increase in antioxidant defenses. The mechanism leading to the upregulation of antioxidant defenses during prolonged fasting remains elusive. Therefore, we investigated whether prolonged fasting activates the redox-sensitive transcription factor Nrf2, which controls the expression of antioxidant genes, and if such activation is potentially mediated by systemic increases in RAS. Blood and skeletal muscle samples were collected from seals fasting for 1, 3, 5 and 7weeks. Nrf2 activity and nuclear content increased by 76% and 167% at week 7. Plasma angiotensin II (Ang II) and transforming growth factor β (TGF-β) were 5000% and 250% higher at week 7 than at week 1. Phosphorylation of Smad2, an effector of Ang II and TGF signaling, increased by 120% at week 7 and by 84% in response to intravenously infused Ang II. NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) mRNA expression, which is controlled by smad proteins, increased 430% at week 7, while Nox4 protein expression, which can activate Nrf2, was 170% higher at week 7 than at week 1. These results demonstrate that prolonged fasting activates Nrf2 in elephant seals and that RAS stimulation can potentially result in increased Nox4 through Smad phosphorylation. The results also suggest that Nox4 is essential to sustain the hormetic adaptive response to oxidative stress in fasting seals.Key words: antioxidants, hormesis, Nox4, oxidative stress, starvation, renin-angiotensin system. THE JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BIOLOGY 2871Fasting activates Nrf2 in seals muscle (Vázquez-Medina et al., 2011a;Vázquez-Medina et al., 2011c). Moreover, nuclear accumulation of Nrf2 increases in the skeletal muscle of the elephant seal in response to repetitive bouts of apnea-induced ischemia/reperfusion (Vázquez-Medina et al., 2011c), which are frequent at the end of the post-weaning fast (Thorson and Le Boeuf, 1994).Whether Nrf2 is activated in response to fasting in elephant seals, or any other mammal, has not been investigated. Therefore, the goal of the present study was to elucidate the role of Nrf2 in mediating the adaptive response to oxidative stress during prolonged fasting in a mammal adapted to cope with such conditions, the northern elephant seal. We have previously shown that prolonged fasting increases Nox4 expression in the skeletal muscle of the elephant seal (Vázquez-Medina et al., 2010). Unlike other NADPH oxidases, Nox4 is independent of cytosolic activator subunits, and thus is constitutively active (Martyn et al., 2006;Nisimoto et al., 2010;von Löhneysen et al., 2012). Nox4 is also uniquely localized in several subcellular compartments (Anilkumar et al., 2008; Block et al., 2009;Sun et al., 2011) and produces intracellular hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), a p...

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Starvation Enhances Hepatic Free Radical Release Following Endotoxemia

Cited by 78 publications

References 4 publications

Long Period Starvation in Rat: The Effect of Aloe Vera Gel Extract on Oxidative Stress Status

Long Period Starvation in Rat: The Effect of Aloe Vera Gel Extract on Oxidative Stress Status

Short Period Starvation in Rat: The Effect of Aloe Vera Gel Extract on Oxidative Stress Status Ion

Prolonged fasting activates Nrf2 in postweaned elephant seals

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