Startups Financing in Poland

Abstract

Agata GEMZIK-SALWACH 1 Paweł PERZ 2 STARTUPS FINANCING IN POLAND Startups are companies with a short history of operation which try to commercialize innovative ideas. They usually try to use innovative business models. In the case of market success, they are able to grow very quickly and become large organizations, however their activities in the early phase are characterized by high risk. Due to this, they require special financing methods. The article characterizes and compares the most important sources of financing for startups. The attention was paid to the role of financing in creating conditions for the development of such enterprises. Also, the sources of financing startups in Poland and Europe in recent years have been analyzed.

Use of Derivative Financial Instruments for Risk Management

“…In the course of the risk identification process, a market participant assesses which risks are likely to affect the achievement of its objectives. Some of the main approaches to risk identification are information gathering, document review and charting (Dinu, 2012;Gemzik-Salwach & Perz, 2013;Lewitt, 2018;Martinkutė-Kaulienė & Stasytytė, 2018).…”

“…The combination of these two assumptions leads to the limit theorem of this approach, which states that the distribution of variation in a diversified bank portfolio is Gaussian distribution (Palve, 2016). Given the common assumption of a financial time series distribution, this is not always confirmed in practice, yet this approach is widely used and even recommended to banks by their supervisory institutions (Rao, 2012;Gemzik-Salwach & Perz, 2013;Sahoo, 2020).…”

Kobiece anioły biznesu w Europie: identyfikacja barier i możliwości wsparcia instytucjonalnego

“…The investor provides their niche expertise and, in addition to financial support, business angels advise in decision-making regarding the enterprise, offer mentoring, aid in the form of market knowledge, technology, and business contacts. Investors can also indicate how to minimize or avoid potential losses (Piekunko-Mantiuk 2014;Cecelak 2017;Tamowicz 2007;Gemzik-Salwach & Perz 2019;Schmidt 2014, Świadek & Gorączkowska 2020.…”