Starting up rapid-start units for reserve contributions in a system with interruptible loads

A new composite index of reliability of supply in the industrial systems with distributed generation

“…Reliability analysis is performed by using either the analytical method based on the contingency enumeration approach or Monte Carlo simulation. The reliability of supply in presence of DG was investigated in many papers in last decade [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]. An improved minimal cut set algorithm to evaluate the reliability of distribution network with DG is proposed in [9].…”

“…A simulation technique for reliability evaluation considering wind farm and energy storage operating strategies is presented in [20]. A method that integrates reliability of rapid-start generating units into the ENS formulation is presented in [21]. It is known that voltage sag (dip) and momentary interruption are the major problems in the automated industrial process.…”

Analysing the integration of different types of energy and reserve providers in a competitive electricity supply market

“…The total number of unit, U, is the sum of thermal unit (TH), OCGTs (NGT) and hydro units (NHY), i.e. These are illustrated in [177]. For hydro units to be scheduled as part of UC, the energy, spinning reserve and unit status variables in equations (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12) to (5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14) are replaced by the general variables: P i,t , R i,t and u i,t .…”