START domain proteins and the intracellular trafficking of cholesterol in steroidogenic cells

Strauss, Jerome F.; Kishida, Tatsuro; Christenson, Lane K.; Fujimoto, Toshio; Hiroi, Hisahiko

doi:10.1016/s0303-7207(03)00063-7

Cited by 128 publications

(99 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…In addition, it is supposed to be involved in the synthesis of steroid hormones in the placenta (22). The expression pattern, which we observe for Start1, is similar to that of MLN64 in mammals.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

The Drosophila gene Start1 : A putative cholesterol transporter and key regulator of ecdysteroid synthesis

Roth

Gierl

Vollborn

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 70%

The Drosophila gene Start1 : A putative cholesterol transporter and key regulator of ecdysteroid synthesis

Roth

Gierl

Vollborn

et al. 2004

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…Among these proteins, steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) and metastatic lymph node 64 (MLN64) appear to be the most well-known representatives (36). Both StAR and MLN64 bind cholesterol (37), and are also known to play a role in lipid transport into mitochondria (38,39). In particular, StAR localizes to the mitochondria and stimulates the translocation of cholesterol from the outer to the inner mitochondrial membranes (40).…”

Section: Typical Dlc Protein Possesses Three Domains: Sam Rhogap Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deleted in liver cancer protein family in human malignancies (Review)

et al. 2011

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Abstract. The Deleted in Liver Cancer (DLC) protein family comprises proteins that exert their function mainly by the Rho GTPase-activating protein (GAP) domain and by regulation of the small GTPases. Since Rho GTPases are key factors in cell proliferation, polarity, cytoskeletal remodeling and migration, the aberrant function of their regulators may lead to cell transformation. One subgroup of these proteins is the DLC family. It was found that the first identified gene from this family, DLC1, is often lost in hepatocellular carcinoma and may be involved as a tumor suppressor in the liver. Subsequent studies evaluated the hypothesis that the DLC1 gene acts as a tumor suppressor, not only in liver cancer, but also in other types of cancer. Following DLC1, two other members of the DLC protein family, DLC2 and DLC3, were identified. However, limited published data are available concerning the role of these proteins in malignant transformation. This review focuses on the structure and the role of DLC1 and its relatives in physiological conditions and summarizes data published thus far regarding DLC function in the neoplastic process.

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“…The single most important factor regulating the timing and rate of steroidogenesis appears to be the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) (for review see Stocco 2001). StAR belongs to a family of proteins that share a cholesterol-binding motif termed the StAR-related lipid transfer (START) domain; this domain accommodates cholesterol and/or cholesterol-like sterols (Strauss et al 2003). The START family is diverse, including StAR-like MLN-64 proteins and phosphatidylcholine transfer proteins from animals and Glabra2 homeobox proteins from plants, among other proteins (Strauss et al 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cloning and characterization of cDNAs encoding steroidogenic acute regulatory protein from freshwater stingrays (Potamotrygon spp.)

Nunez¹,

Piermarini²,

Evans³

et al. 2005

Journal of Molecular Endocrinology

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The steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) is critical to the regulated synthesis of steroids in vertebrates. We have isolated cDNA sequences encoding StAR in the freshwater stingrays Potamotrygon hystrix and P. motoro. A single P. hystrix StAR transcript (3376 bp) and two overlapping P. motoro StAR transcripts (1272 and 3365 bp) were isolated. The P. hystrix and P. motoro StAR transcripts contain open reading frames encoding proteins of 284 amino acids that are 99% identical to each other and 56-64% identical to other StAR proteins. Pregnenolone synthesis by green monkey kidney (COS-1) cells transfected with an expression construct encoding a human cholesterol side chain cleavage/adrenodoxin reductase/adrenodoxin fusion protein was increased 16-fold by coexpression with a pCMV5/P. motoro StAR expression construct. Northern blot analysis revealed a single 4000 bp StAR transcript in the P. motoro interrenal gland, but RT-PCR indicates StAR mRNA is also expressed in the brain, gonads, atria, ventricle, gill (female only) and muscle (female only). Expression in extragonadal and extraadrenocortical tissues is an indication that StAR may be critical to processes other than steroidogenesis. The longest P. motoro StAR transcript contains a sequence with great similarity to short interspersed repetitive elements found in other elasmobranchs. This study is the first to isolate and characterize elasmobranch StAR cDNA sequences and to demonstrate the activity of a nonmammalian StAR protein in a heterologous expression system.

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START domain proteins and the intracellular trafficking of cholesterol in steroidogenic cells

Cited by 128 publications

References 20 publications

The Drosophila gene Start1 : A putative cholesterol transporter and key regulator of ecdysteroid synthesis

The Drosophila gene Start1 : A putative cholesterol transporter and key regulator of ecdysteroid synthesis

Deleted in liver cancer protein family in human malignancies (Review)

Cloning and characterization of cDNAs encoding steroidogenic acute regulatory protein from freshwater stingrays (Potamotrygon spp.)

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