Starch hydrolysis in man: an intraluminal process not requiring membrane digestion.

Fogel, Michael R.; Gray, Gary M.

doi:10.1152/jappl.1973.35.2.263

Cited by 73 publications

(19 citation statements)

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“…Because of the limited amount of salivary amylase among those with low AMY1 copy numbers, it is possible that starch is not fully hydrolyzed into glucose. For example, decreased starch digestion and glucose absorption have been observed when starch was delivered directly into the small intestine compared with delivery of starch via oral consumption (25). Among individuals with a lower capacity to digest starch, undigested starch is transported through the gastrointestinal tract and thus contributes less available energy than in individuals with a higher digestive capacity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary starch intake modifies the relation between copy number variation in the salivary amylase gene and BMI

Rukh

Ericson

Andersson‐Assarsson

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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Background: Studies have shown conflicting associations between the salivary amylase gene (AMY1) copy number and obesity. Salivary amylase initiates starch digestion in the oral cavity; starch is a major source of energy in the diet. Objective: We investigated the association between AMY1 copy number and obesity traits, and the effect of the interaction between AMY1 copy number and starch intake on these obesity traits. Design: We first assessed the association between AMY1 copy number (genotyped by digital droplet polymerase chain reaction) and obesity traits in 4800 individuals without diabetes (mean age: 57 y; 60% female) from the Malmö Diet and Cancer Cohort. Then we analyzed interactions between AMY1 copy number and energyadjusted starch intake (obtained by a modified diet history method) on body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage. Results: AMY1 copy number was not associated with BMI (P = 0.80) or body fat percentage (P = 0.38). We observed a significant effect of the interaction between AMY1 copy number and starch intake on BMI (P-interaction = 0.007) and body fat percentage (P-interaction = 0.03). Upon stratification by dietary starch intake, BMI tended to decrease with increasing AMY1 copy numbers in the low-starch intake group (P = 0.07) and tended to increase with increasing AMY1 copy numbers in the high-starch intake group (P = 0.08). The lowest mean BMI was observed in the group of participants with a low AMY1 copy number and a high dietary intake of starch. Conclusions: Our findings suggest an effect of the interaction between starch intake and AMY1 copy number on obesity. Individuals with high starch intake but low genetic capacity to digest starch had the lowest BMI, potentially because larger amounts of undigested starch are transported through the gastrointestinal tract, contributing to fewer calories extracted from ingested starch.Am J Clin Nutr 2017;106:256-62.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dietary starch intake modifies the relation between copy number variation in the salivary amylase gene and BMI

Rukh

Ericson

Andersson‐Assarsson

et al. 2017

The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition

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“…Classical studies [24,25] have demonstrated that the defective digestion of protein, fat, and starch is not observed until the secretion of lipase, trypsin, and amylase is less than 10% of its normal values. The most frequently described sign of pancreatic exocrine insufficiency after resectional surgery is steatorrhoea [26] , i.e., stool fat content of more than 7 g/d, which may associate abdominal pain, flatus, and mostly weight loss.…”

Section: Clinical Considerations Of Pancreatic Exocrine Insufficiencymentioning

confidence: 99%

Considerations on pancreatic exocrine function after pancreaticoduodenectomy

Morera-Ocón¹,

Sabater-Ortí²,

Muñoz-Forner³

et al. 2014

WJGO

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The pancreaticoduodenectomy (PD) procedure may lead to pancreatic exocrine and endocrine insufficiency. There are several types of reconstruction for this kind of operation. Pancreaticogastrostomy (PG) was introduced to reduce the rate of postoperative pancreatic fistula. Although some randomized control trials have shown no differences regarding pancreatic leakage between PG and pancreaticojejunostomy (PJ), recently some reports reveal benefits from the PG over the PJ. Some surgeons concern about the performing of the PG and inactivation of pancreatic enzymes being in contact with the gastric juice, and the detrimental results over the exocrine pancreatic function. The pancreatic exocrine function can be measured with direct and indirect tests. Direct tests have the highest sensitivity and specificity for detection of exocrine insufficiency but require tube placement. Among the tubeless indirect tests, the van de Kamer stool fat analysis remains the standard to diagnose fat malabsorption. The patient compliance and time consuming makes it not so suitable for its clinical use. Fecal immunoreactive elastase test is employed for screening of exocrine insufficiency, is not cumbersome, and has been used to study pancreatic function after resection. We analyze the FE1 levels in our patients after the PD with two types of reconstruction, PG and PJ, and we discuss some considerations about the pancreaticointestinal drainage method after pancreaticoduodenectomy. Core tip: Many patients present pancreatic exocrine insufficiency after pancreatic resection. Exocrine insufficiency leads to steatorrhoea, flatulence, abdominal pain, weight loss and malnutrition. Extent of resection will determine the severity of insufficiency, but also changes in anatomy may be determining factors. Pancreatogastrostomy is deemed detrimental over the pancreatic function because of the hypothetical inactivation of pancreatic enzymes due to the acid juice of the stomach. In this review we discuss the physiological aspects of the changes in exocrine pancreatic function focusing on the pancreatoenterostomy after a pancreaticoduodenectomy.Morera-Ocon FJ, Sabater-Orti L, Muñoz-Forner E, Pérez-Griera J, Ortega-Serrano J. Considerations on pancreatic exocrine function after pancreaticoduodenectomy. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2014; 6(9): 325-329 Available from:

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“…Breast milk, which has 1.2 to 1.5 g/dL of polysaccharides23 and polymers released from digestion of sloughing mucosal cells and bacteria, may account for the physiologic role of glucoamylase in this young age group. The abundance of glucoamylase activity in the neonate (50% to 100% of adult values) 11,25 and the ability to hydrolyze short polymers of glucose has led to the inclusion of short polymers of glucose in infant formulas. In several cultures and traditions, starch, mainly as rice, is successfully introduced much earlier than 4 to 6 months, when amylase is deficient.…”

Section: Hydrolysis and The Role Of A Amylases And Glucoamylasementioning

confidence: 99%