2007
DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0611605104
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Starch grain evidence for the preceramic dispersals of maize and root crops into tropical dry and humid forests of Panama

Abstract: The Central American isthmus was a major dispersal route for plant taxa originally brought under cultivation in the domestication centers of southern Mexico and northern South America. Recently developed methodologies in the archaeological and biological sciences are providing increasing amounts of data regarding the timing and nature of these dispersals and the associated transition to food production in various regions. One of these methodologies, starch grain analysis, recovers identifiable microfossils of … Show more

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Cited by 167 publications
(124 citation statements)
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“…Evidence indicating the dispersals of manioc, arrowroot, leren, squashes, and maize into southern Central America and South America from their domestication cradles well before 5000-4000 B.P. continues to increase, and is now independently supported by a number of starch grain studies (see Dickau et al, 2007 andPohl et al, 2007 for the most recent evidence and reviews of the subject). The wider implications of the accumulated microfossil data with regard to the origins and development of New World agriculture are well-discussed elsewhere (e.g., Dickau et al 2007;Piperno and Pearsall 1998b;Pohl et al 2007;Sandweiss 2007).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 84%
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“…Evidence indicating the dispersals of manioc, arrowroot, leren, squashes, and maize into southern Central America and South America from their domestication cradles well before 5000-4000 B.P. continues to increase, and is now independently supported by a number of starch grain studies (see Dickau et al, 2007 andPohl et al, 2007 for the most recent evidence and reviews of the subject). The wider implications of the accumulated microfossil data with regard to the origins and development of New World agriculture are well-discussed elsewhere (e.g., Dickau et al 2007;Piperno and Pearsall 1998b;Pohl et al 2007;Sandweiss 2007).…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 84%
“…Following the literature from the early days of phytolith activity in paleoethnobotany to the present, it can be seen how identifrcation criteria have developed and evolved•from Pearsall's (1978) original use of broad size categories (e.g., small, large, extralarge) to identify maize leaves with cross-shaped phjrtoliths; to the development of more precise size and shape criteria for these cross-body forms (Pipemo 1984;Pearsall and Piperno 1990); to use of robust statistical approaches in cross-shaped phytolith identification (e.g., friarte MulhoUand 2003;Pipemo 1988; to the widespread recognition of maize cob phytoliths (e.g., Bozarth 1993a, Bozarth andGuderjan 2004;friarte 2003bMulhoUand 2003), and finally, incorporation of starch grain data. The latter allows the generation of two independent lines of empirical data, providing evidence-often from the same plant processing stone tools or ceramic cooking vessels• for the presence of two different parts of the same, consumed structure of the plant, its kernels and chaff (glumes/cupules) (see Dickau et al, 2007;Iriarte et al 2004;Perry et al 2006Perry et al , 2007Pearsall et al 2003, Pipemo et al 2000. During the course of this research, a great deal of data have been generated from Panama and Ecuador.…”
Section: Archaeological Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
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