Starch‐encapsulated pesticides for slow release

Shasha, Baruch S.; Doane, W. M.; Russell, C. R.

doi:10.1002/pol.1976.130140708

Cited by 74 publications

(40 citation statements)

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“…In packed columns, water along with applied pesticide passes through soil matrix and considerable retardation of pesticide is observed (Das and Mukherjee 2014). Reports suggest that controlled release formulation considerably reduces the leaching potential of pesticides in the soil columns (Lewis and Cowsar 1977;Shasha et al Leaching is considered one of the main causes of non-point source of groundwater contamination by pesticides. Information on spiromesifen leaching behavior is mainly restricted to the registration/regulatory documents mentioning that spiromesifen satisfies most of the leaching criteria of Cohen et al (1984) and suggesting that spiromesifen has very low potential for reaching both surface water and aquatic sediment via runoff several months or more after application, but enol spiromesifen, a major metabolite of spiromesifen, is quite mobile (USEPA 2010).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobility of spiromesifen in packed soil columns under laboratory conditions

Mate

Mukherjee

Das

2014

Environ Monit Assess

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On percolating water equivalent to 1,156 mm of rainfall, spiromesifen formulation did not leach out of 25-cm long columns, and 62.7 % of this was recovered in 5-10-cm soil depth. In columns treated with the analytical grade, 52.40 % of the recovered spiromesifen was confined to 0-5-cm soil depth, with 0.04 % in leachate fraction, suggesting high adsorption in soil. Results revealed that percolating 400 mL of water, residues of enol metabolite of spiromesifen was detected up to 20-25-cm soil layer, with 23.50 % residues of spiromesifen in this layer and 1.73 % in the leachate fraction indicating that metabolite is more mobile as compared to the parent compound. Results suggested a significant reduction in leaching losses of enol metabolite in amended soil columns with 5 % nano clay, farmyard manure (FYM), and vermicompost. No enol spiromesifen was recovered in the leachate in columns amended with nano clay, vermicompost, and FYM; however, 85.30, 70.5, and 65.40 %, respectively, was recovered from 0-5 cm-soil depth of column after percolating water equivalent to 1,156 mm of rainfall. Spiromesifen formulation is less mobile in sandy loam soil than analytical grade spiromesifen. The metabolite, enol spiromesifen, is relatively more mobile than the parent compound and may leach into groundwater. The study suggested that amendments were very effective in reducing the downward mobility of enol metabolite in soil column. Further, it resulted in greater retention of enol metabolite in the amendment application zone.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mobility of spiromesifen in packed soil columns under laboratory conditions

Mate

Mukherjee

Das

2014

Environ Monit Assess

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“…2 The process involved dispersing the active agent in starch xanthate, crosslinking the xanthate with oxidants or metallic salts, dewatering the resulting product, and then grinding and drying this material. The dried substance usually retained more than 75% of the active agent.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticide encapsulation using a starch–borate complex as wall material

Trimnell

Shasha

Wing

et al. 1982

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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SynopsisA new technique has been developed for encapsulating pesticides for controlled release. The method consists in mixing starch, pesticide, and water; adding alkali to gelatinize the starch; and treating the mixture with boric acid. The solid product is a starch-borate adduct, entrapping the pesticide within small cells. Initially, the adduct is a rubbery gel which, when treated with alcohol or ground with additional pearl starch, yields particles suitable for drying to the 10-35-mesh range. When the starch is used to break up the gel, the technique is useful for retaining water-soluble compounds. Water-insoluble pesticides, emulsifiable concentrates, and wettable powders are encapsulated and recovered in high yields. Acid-labile pesticides such as diazinon are stable in the borate gel. The process was scaled up successfully by use of a double planetary mixer.

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“…soluble polymers which themselves display pharmacological activity. Up to now, more than 100 different drugs have been immobilized on bio-or non-biodegradable polymers.Fewer results have been published on the immobilization of pesticides and fertilizers [13][14][15][16][17][18]. …”

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confidence: 99%

“…Fewer results have been published on the immobilization of pesticides and fertilizers [13][14][15][16][17][18].…”

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Polymeric Biomaterials As Enzyme and Drug Carriers* Part I: Immobilization of Enzymes

Dumitriu¹,

Popa²,

Dumitriu³

1988

Journal of Bioactive and Compatible Polymers

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INTRODUCTIONhe immobilization of drugs and enzymes refers to their attachment to solid supports. In many cases, the immobilized materials remain biologically active and can be used in numerous research investigations. The basic idea in immobilizing drugs or enzymes on solid supports is to control the gross movement of the immobilized material relative to that of the support. In most cases, the immobilized compounds can still undergo conformational changes. If the compound is connected to the support through a spacer arm, then the compound can move several Angstroms or micrometers relative to the support. However, the actual freedom of movement of immobilized materials depends on several factors, including (1) the type of immobilization chemistry employed, (2) the presence of interactions with the support and (3) the use of single or multiple points of attachment, as well as crosslinking between points on the immobilized material or between the immobilized material and the support.Several chemical techniques, plus many more variations, have been described for the immobilization of biochemicals on solid supports. These include trapping in gels or polymeric matrices, adsorption on surfaces, covalent attachment to organic and inorganic surfaces, and encapsulation in liposomes or other small vesicles [1,2]. *This is the first of a four-part review. Downloaded from 244The current interest in the immobilization of enzymes grew out of the early studies by Manecke [3] in Germany and Katchalski [4] in Israel in the early 1960s, for coupling enzymes and antibodies to polymeric supports. A few years later, natural hormones (adreno-corticotropic hormone, insulin) were covalently coupled to agarose beds and tested for biological activity against isolated mammalian cells [5,6].Many other compounds have been immobilized on solid supports in the intervening years, so that by 1990 it is estimated that over 500 different enzymes may be obtained.In recent years, the use of synthetic polymers as polymeric drugs or drug delivery systems has received increasing attention. Several symposia were organized to discuss the current state-of-the-art research in polymeric drugs [7], controlled release of bioactive materials [8,9] and the general biomedical applications of polymers [10,11]. Studies have largely been confined either to the development of sustained-release systems based on insoluble polymers [12] or to the development of polymeric drugs [7], i.e. soluble polymers which themselves display pharmacological activity. Up to now, more than 100 different drugs have been immobilized on bio-or non-biodegradable polymers.Fewer results have been published on the immobilization of pesticides and fertilizers [13][14][15][16][17][18].

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Starch‐encapsulated pesticides for slow release

Cited by 74 publications

References 0 publications

Mobility of spiromesifen in packed soil columns under laboratory conditions

Mobility of spiromesifen in packed soil columns under laboratory conditions

Pesticide encapsulation using a starch–borate complex as wall material

Polymeric Biomaterials As Enzyme and Drug Carriers* Part I: Immobilization of Enzymes

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