Starch and Fiber Fractions in Selected Food and Feed Ingredients Affect Their Small Intestinal Digestibility and Fermentability and Their Large Bowel Fermentability In Vitro in a Canine Mode

Abstract

The digestion of legumes, cereal grains, cereal and potato flours and grain-based foods in dogs was studied using two in vitro model systems. The first simulated the stomach and small intestine through the additions of acid and enzymes and large bowel fermentation through use of fecal inocula from dogs, and the second simulated small intestinal fermentation using canine ileal chyme as the bacterial source. All substrates were analyzed for total dietary fiber (TDF) including insoluble and soluble components, and starch fractions: rapidly digestible starch, slowly digestible starch, resistant starch (RS) and total starch. Legumes had high TDF and RS concentrations (mean 36.5 and 24.7%, respectively), resulting in lower ileal digestible starch and total digestible starch concentrations (mean 21 and 31%, respectively). Seventy-four percent of the TS in the cereal grains group was rapidly digestible starch plus slowly digestible starch compared with the flour group, where the corresponding value was 95%. This related to the processing of cereals to flours, in which TDF and RS concentrations were reduced markedly. This increased ileal digestible starch concentrations in the flour group (65%) versus the cereal grains group (60%). Ileal digestion of starch in grain-based food products like macaroni and spaghetti was high (96 and 92%, expressed as a percentage of TS, respectively). Fermentation of substrates with ileal microflora was influenced by substrate chemical composition, with the flour group exhibiting the highest organic matter disappearance values. The legume group had a high total short-chain fatty acid concentration (7.8 mmol/g organic matter fermented), perhaps as a result of fermentation of TDF as well as starch components. A database such as this one provides information about utilization of foods and feeds in the dog and potentially in humans.

In situRuminal Crude Protein and Starch Degradation of Three Classes of Feedstuffs in Goats

“…The present data of ruminal degradable fraction of starch indicated that ruminal degradable starch represented the majority of total starch in cereal feedstuffs. Rice contained the highest potentially degradable starch, which was in agreement with the previous finding (Bednar et al, 2001). Constant rate of starch degradation ranged from 0.02 h-lfor corn to 0.32 h-l for wheat, which was consistent to the previous study (Offner et al, 2003).…”

Starch in ruminant diets: a review

“…Cereals with small granules, such as oats and rice, are more digestible than corn, wheat and potato, which have long granules (Bednar et al, 2001;Svilus et al, 2005).…”

“…Several studies have shown that amylose/ amylopectin ratio is negatively correlated with starch digestion (Bednar et al, 2001). Amylose is inserted into amylopectin molecules increasing the amount of hydrogen bonds within the starch molecule, which negatively impacts the ability of expansion and enzyme activity (Caldas-Neto et al, 2000).…”

Efeito do processamento doméstico sobre o teor de nutrientes e de fatores antinutricionais de diferentes cultivares de feijão comum

“…Nas 5 cultivares estudadas, prevaleceu o componente insolúvel da fibra, que representou de 72 a 91% da FAT ( Tabela 7), resultados consistentes com os reportados na literatura ( BEDNAR et al, 2001;ALFONZO, 2000).…”