‘Starburst’ amacrine cells and cholinergic neurons: mirror-symmetric ON and OFF amacrine cells of rabbit retina

Famiglietti, Edward V.

doi:10.1016/0006-8993(83)91293-3

Cited by 279 publications

(200 citation statements)

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“…After electrophysiological analyses, all cells were filled with biocytin to characterize the morphology of the cells by post hoc histology. Starburst amacrine cells in the mouse showed the typical, symmetric dendritic morphology described in other mammals (Famiglietti, 1983;Tauchi and Masland, 1984;Bloomfield and Miller, 1986). This included four to five primary dendrites that first branched into thin, wavy, intermediate segments that then divided into a dense plexus of distal branches showing numerous varicosities (Fig.…”

Section: Prominent Kv3-like Kmentioning

confidence: 80%

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A Unique Role for Kv3 Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels in Starburst Amacrine Cell Signaling in Mouse Retina

Ozaita¹,

Petit-Jacques²,

Völgyi³

et al. 2004

J. Neurosci.

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Direction-selective retinal ganglion cells show an increased activity evoked by light stimuli moving in the preferred direction. This selectivity is governed by direction-selective inhibition from starburst amacrine cells occurring during stimulus movement in the opposite or null direction. To understand the intrinsic membrane properties of starburst cells responsible for direction-selective GABA release, we performed whole-cell recordings from starburst cells in mouse retina. Voltage-clamp recordings revealed prominent voltagedependent K ϩ currents. The currents were mostly blocked by 1 mM TEA, activated rapidly at voltages more positive than Ϫ20 mV, and deactivated quickly, properties reminiscent of the currents carried by the Kv3 subfamily of K ϩ channels. Immunoblots confirmed the presence of Kv3.1 and Kv3.2 proteins in retina and immunohistochemistry revealed their expression in starburst cell somata and dendrites. The Kv3-like current in starburst cells was absent in Kv3.1-Kv3.2 knock-out mice. Current-clamp recordings showed that the fast activation of the Kv3 channels provides a voltage-dependent shunt that limits depolarization of the soma to potentials more positive than Ϫ20 mV. This provides a mechanism likely to contribute to the electrical isolation of individual starburst cell dendrites, a property thought essential for direction selectivity. This function of Kv3 channels differs from that in other neurons where they facilitate highfrequency repetitive firing. Moreover, we found a gradient in the intensity of Kv3.1b immunolabeling favoring proximal regions of starburst cells. We hypothesize that this Kv3 channel gradient contributes to the preference for centrifugal signal flow in dendrites underlying direction-selective GABA release from starburst amacrine cells

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Section: Prominent Kv3-like Kmentioning

confidence: 80%

“…Segments were then placed into somatic or proximal, intermediate, or distal dendritic regions (cf. Famiglietti, 1983;Miller and Bloomfield, 1983), and values were then averaged within each region.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Unique Role for Kv3 Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels in Starburst Amacrine Cell Signaling in Mouse Retina

Ozaita¹,

Petit-Jacques²,

Völgyi³

et al. 2004

J. Neurosci.

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“…Type a cells have perikarya in the inner nuclear layer, processes ramifying in the outer half of the inner plexiform layer (IPL) in stratum 2 (S2) and OFF responses to light. Type b cells have perikarya displaced to the ganglion cell layer, processes ramifying in stratum 4 (S4) of the IPL and ON responses to light (Famiglietti, 1983;Tauchi and Masland, 1984;Vaney, 1984;Bloomfield and Miller, 1986). In rabbits, starburst amacrine cells are known to receive synaptic inputs from cone (Brandon, 1987;Millar and Morgan, 1987;Famiglietti, 1991).…”

Section: Indexing Termsmentioning

confidence: 99%

AMPA receptors mediate acetylcholine release from starburst amacrine cells in the rabbit retina

Firth

Massey

et al. 2003

J of Comparative Neurology

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The light response of starburst amacrine cells is initiated by glutamate released from bipolar cells. To identify the receptors that mediate this response, we used a combination of anatomical and physiological techniques. An in vivo, rabbit eyecup was preloaded with [ 3 H]-choline, and the [ 3 H]-acetylcholine (ACh) released into the superfusate was monitored. A photopic, 3 Hz flashing light increased ACh release, and the selective AMPA receptor antagonist, GYKI 53655, blocked this light-evoked response. Nonselective AMPA/kainate agonists increased the release of ACh, but the specific kainate receptor agonist, SYM 2081, did not increase ACh release. Selective AMPA receptor antagonists, GYKI 53655 or GYKI 52466, also blocked the responses to agonists. We conclude that the predominant excitatory input to starburst amacrine cells is mediated by AMPA receptors. We also labeled lightly fixed rabbit retinas with antisera to choline acetyltransferase (ChAT), AMPA receptor subunits GluR1, GluR2/3, or GluR4, and kainate receptor subunits GluR6/7 and KA2. Labeled puncta were observed in the inner plexiform layer with each of these antisera to glutamate receptors, but only GluR2/3-IR puncta and GluR4-IR puncta were found on the ChAT-IR processes. The same was true of starburst cells injected intracellularly with Neurobiotin, and these AMPA receptor subunits were localized to two populations of puncta. The AMPA receptors are expected to desensitize rapidly, enhancing the sensitivity of starburst amacrine cells to moving or other rapidly changing stimuli. Indexing termsglutamate; ionotropic receptors; localization; cholinergic; interneuron; confocal microscopy Starburst amacrine cells are one of the most common types of amacrine cells in rabbit retina (MacNeil et al., 1999), and there are two subtypes. Type a cells have perikarya in the inner nuclear layer, processes ramifying in the outer half of the inner plexiform layer (IPL) in stratum 2 (S2) and OFF responses to light. Type b cells have perikarya displaced to the ganglion cell layer, processes ramifying in stratum 4 (S4) of the IPL and ON responses to light (Famiglietti, 1983;Tauchi and Masland, 1984;Vaney, 1984;Bloomfield and Miller, 1986). In rabbits, starburst amacrine cells are known to receive synaptic inputs from cone (Brandon, 1987;Millar and Morgan, 1987;Famiglietti, 1991).Starburst amacrine cells synthesize and release both γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and acetylcholine (ACh) when depolarized (Masland and Livingstone, 1976;Massey and Neal, 1979;O'Malley and Masland, 1989). ACh release from the rabbit retina increases at both light onset and light offset and is maximally stimulated by large stimuli at temporal frequencies of 1-4 Hz (Massey and Neal, 1979;Massey and Redburn, 1985;O'Malley and Masland, 1993). The majority of the synaptic output from the starburst cells is onto ganglion cell dendrites (Brandon, 1987;Millar and Morgan, 1987;Famiglietti, 1991 . The agonist α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionate (AMPA) is more potent than kainate or...

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“…The only source of ACh in the adult retina is a unique class of amacrine cells, called starburst amacrine cells (Famiglietti, 1983;Vaney, 1984;Masland and Tauchi, 1986). One population of starburst amacrine cells is located in the inner nuclear layer and a second population is displaced into the RGC layer with narrowly stratified processes of the two populations defining two distinct strata within the innerplexiform layer (IPL) [Fig.…”

Section: Cholinergic Network In the Developing Vertebrate Retinamentioning

confidence: 99%

The role of nAChR‐mediated spontaneous retinal activity in visual system development

Feller

2002

J. Neurobiol.

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ABSTRACT:In the developing vertebrate retina, nAChR synapses are among the first to appear. This early cholinergic circuitry plays a key role in generating "retinal waves," spontaneously generated waves of action potentials that sweep across the ganglion cell layer. These retinal waves exist for a short period of time during development when several circuits within the visual system are being established. Here I review the cholinergic circuitry of the developing retina and the role these early circuits play in the development of the retina itself and of retinal projections to the lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.

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‘Starburst’ amacrine cells and cholinergic neurons: mirror-symmetric ON and OFF amacrine cells of rabbit retina

Cited by 279 publications

References 15 publications

A Unique Role for Kv3 Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels in Starburst Amacrine Cell Signaling in Mouse Retina

A Unique Role for Kv3 Voltage-Gated Potassium Channels in Starburst Amacrine Cell Signaling in Mouse Retina

AMPA receptors mediate acetylcholine release from starburst amacrine cells in the rabbit retina

The role of nAChR‐mediated spontaneous retinal activity in visual system development

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