Staphylococcus hominis subsp. novobiosepticus subsp. nov., a novel trehalose- and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine-negative, novobiocin- and multiple-antibiotic-resistant subspecies isolated from human blood cultures

Abstract

A new subspecies, Staphylococcus horninis subsp. novobiosepticus, isolated from human blood cultures, a wound, a breast abscess and a catheter tip, is described on the basis of a study of 26 strains isolated between 1989 and 1996.DNA-DNA reassociation reactions, conducted under stringent conditions, and macrorestriction pattern analysis demonstrated that these strains are closely related to previously characterized 5. horninis strains isolated from human skin and clinical specimens, but are significantly divergent. 5. horninis subsp. novobiosepticus can be distinguished from 5. horninis (now named 5. horninis subsp. horninis) by its combined characteristics of novobiocin resistance and failure to produce acid aerobically from D-trehalose and N-aCety1-Dglucosamine. Furthermore, all 26 strains of the new subspecies are resistant to nalidixic acid, penicillin G, oxacillin, kanamycin and streptomycin, and were either resistant or had intermediate resistance to methicillin and gentamicin. Most strains were also resistant to erythromycin, clindamycin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole and ciprof loxacin. Based on a comparison of the sequences of a 1001 bp rned amplification product from reference methicillin-resistant staphylococci, the rned gene present in S-horninis subsp. novobiosepticus was identified as homologue A, commonly found in S. aureus and many coagulase-negative staphylococcal species. The type strain of 5. horninis subsp. novobiosepticus is ATCC 700236l. Descriptions of S. horninis subsp. novobiosepticus subsp. nov. and 5. horninis subsp. horninis are given and the description of S. horninis is emended.

Nosocomial Spread of a Staphylococcus hominis subsp. novobiosepticus Strain Causing Sepsis in a Neonatal Intensive Care Unit

“…The incidence and types of infection associated with SHN in hospitalized patients are not known as, like others, our laboratory does not routinely identify CoNS to the species level. Although there is no information on the prevalence of colonization with SHN, Kloos et al (12) suggest that if SHN is a resident on human skin, it probably persists in very small numbers and requires enrichment for detection. In our study, 6/13 (46%) neonates with clinically significant bacteremia had proven catheter-related bloodstream infections.…”

“…Recently, a novel subspecies of Staphylococcus hominis, S. hominis subsp. novobiosepticus (SHN), was isolated from blood cultures and other clinical specimens (6,12). The name derives from the combination of novobio, pertaining to the property of novobiocin resistance, and septicus, pertaining to the ability to cause sepsis.…”

“…Identification and susceptibility testing were performed using conventional methods and the Wider system (Soria Melguizo, Madrid, Spain) (3,16). A zone of inhibition measuring Յ15 mm in Mueller-Hinton agar or Յ11 mm on Trypticase soy agar plates was considered indicative of novobiocin resistance (12). All isolates of SHN underwent confirmatory PCR analysis for the mecA gene (7).…”

Use of the VITEK 2 System for Rapid Identification of Clinical Isolates of Staphylococci from Bloodstream Infections

“…Staphylococcus aureus is now recognized as an important cause of both hospital and community-acquired bloodstream infections (1,3,8,9,27,30). During the last 2 decades, the increased use of invasive procedures and broad-spectrum antibiotics, together with the growing number of immunocompromised and/or seriously ill patients, has led to the emergence of coagulase-negative staphylococci, particularly Staphylococcus epidermidis, and these organisms plays a prominent role in nosocomial bloodstream infections (1,2,3,8,9,17,18,29). Rapid and reliable species identification of these organisms is essential for accurate diagnosis and prompt effective treatment of these infections (6,7,10,16).…”

The Cloning and Analysis of a Partial Lipase Gene Sequence of Staphylococcus hominis GIMT1.079: Partial Lipase Gene Sequencing of S. hominis

“…However, in recent decades, due to fairly abuse of antibiotics in clinic treatment, like clinic detection of methicillin resistant S. epidermidis and S. aureus, the detection rate of methicillin resistant S. hominis is increasing substantially, i.e. S. hominis has been sorted as an opportunistic pathogen in clinic [10,11].…”