Staphylococcus haemolyticus – an emerging threat in the twilight of the antibiotics age

Czekaj, Tomasz; Ciszewski, Marcin; Szewczyk, Eligia M.

doi:10.1099/mic.0.000178

Cited by 130 publications

(113 citation statements)

References 92 publications

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“…The current study revealed that S. haemolyticus and S. epidermidis were the most prevalent CoNS from clinical isolates. This result, in line with many previous studies, confirms the predominance of these two species in various clinical samples compared to other CoNS species (28)(29)(30)(31). In addition, S. haemolyticus and S. epidermidis have been reported to be among the most frequent CoNS species acquiring resistance to multiple antibiotics, which is in agreement with the results of the current study (3,8).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Investigation of Glycopeptide Susceptibility of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) From a Tertiary Care Hospital in Gorgan, Northern Iran

Mehri

Jahanbakhsh

Shakeri

et al. 2016

Arch Pediatr Infect Dis

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Background: Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are clinically important, especially in nosocomial and neonatal infections. The increasing emergence of glycopeptide-resistant CoNS has made these agents therapeutically challenging. Objectives: We aimed to investigate the susceptibility patterns of CoNS to teicoplanin and vancomycin in Gorgan, northern Iran. Materials and Methods: A total of 100 clinical samples were obtained from different wards of a hospital and screened for CoNS with standard microbiological and biochemical tests. Antibiogram testing was carried out for the detection of vancomycin-, teicoplanin-, and multidrug-resistant (MDR) species. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of vancomycin was determined using E-test strips. The presence of the vanA gene was investigated with PCR. Results: Only 1% of CoNS (Staphylococcus haominis) showed resistance to vancomycin and 15% of these were intermediate-resistant to teicoplanin on the disc diffusion agar test. In addition, all isolates (100%) were negative for vanA on PCR and sensitive with E-test

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Investigation of Glycopeptide Susceptibility of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) From a Tertiary Care Hospital in Gorgan, Northern Iran

Mehri

Jahanbakhsh

Shakeri

et al. 2016

Arch Pediatr Infect Dis

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“…Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are a leading cause of sepsis, and the most frequent cause of sepsis in neonates (Cheung and Otto, 2010). Staphylococcus haemolyticus is considered the most frequent etiological agent causing CoNS infections after S. epidermidis (Czekaj et al, 2015) and the by far most important non- S. epidermidis CoNS species involved with blood infections (Becker et al, 2014; Hitzenbichler et al, 2016). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phenol-Soluble Modulin Toxins of Staphylococcus haemolyticus

Joo

Cheung

et al. 2017

Front. Cell. Infect. Microbiol.

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Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are important nosocomial pathogens and the leading cause of sepsis. The second most frequently implicated species, after Staphylococcus epidermidis, is Staphylococcus haemolyticus. However, we have a significant lack of knowledge about what causes virulence of S. haemolyticus, as virulence factors of this pathogen have remained virtually unexplored. In contrast to the aggressive pathogen Staphylococcus aureus, toxin production has traditionally not been associated with CoNS. Recent findings have suggested that phenol-soluble modulins (PSMs), amphipathic peptide toxins with broad cytolytic activity, are widespread in staphylococci, but there has been no systematic assessment of PSM production in CoNS other than S. epidermidis. Here, we identified, purified, and characterized PSMs of S. haemolyticus. We found three PSMs of the β-type, which correspond to peptides that before were described to have anti-gonococcal activity. We also detected an α-type PSM that has not previously been described. Furthermore, we confirmed that S. haemolyticus does not produce a δ-toxin, as results from genome sequencing had indicated. All four S. haemolyticus PSMs had strong pro-inflammatory activity, promoting neutrophil chemotaxis. Notably, we identified in particular the novel α-type PSM, S. haemolyticus PSMα, as a potent hemolysin and leukocidin. For the first time, our study describes toxins of this important staphylococcal pathogen with the potential to have a significant impact on virulence during blood infection and sepsis.

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“…In cases of hospital-acquired bloodstream infections, CoNS account for the largest number of cases (3,4). Out of the CoNS pathogens, Staphylococcus epidermidis is the most commonly isolated causative agent in CRBSI (5), and Staphylococcus haemolyticus is the second most common species isolated from human blood cultures (5,6). Infections caused by Staphylococcus lugdunensis are rare, yet unlike other CoNS species, the clinical picture and pathogenesis of infectious endocarditis caused by S. lugdunensis are very similar to those of S. aureus; thus, S. lugdunensis is associated with high rates of mortality (7).…”

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confidence: 99%

“…The emergence of CoNS strains showing resistance to newer drugs, such as linezolid (9), has made the situation even more alarming. The prevalence of high rates of drug resistance in S. haemolyticus clinical isolates has been attributed to the highly plastic nature of its genome (6). In addition to the problem of widespread drug resistance among CoNS strains, the biofilm-forming ability of CoNS species poses an additional challenge, as this property is thought to be responsible for the chronic and recurrent nature of device-associated CoNS infections (5,10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient Killing of Planktonic and Biofilm-Embedded Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci by Bactericidal Protein P128

Poonacha¹,

Nair²,

Desai³

et al. 2017

Antimicrob Agents Chemother

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Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are the major causative agents of foreign-body-related infections, including catheter-related bloodstream infections. Because of the involvement of biofilms, foreign-body-related infections are difficult to treat. P128, a chimeric recombinant phage-derived ectolysin, has been shown to possess bactericidal activity on strains of Staphylococcus aureus, including methicillinresistant S. aureus (MRSA). We tested the killing potential of P128 on three clinically significant species of CoNS, S. epidermidis, S. haemolyticus, and S. lugdunensis, under a variety of physiological conditions representing growing and nongrowing states. The MIC 90 and minimum bactericidal concentration at which 90% of strains tested are killed (MBC 90 ) of P128 on 62 clinical strains of CoNS were found to be 16 and 32 g/ml (0.58 and 1.16 M), respectively, demonstrating the bactericidal nature of P128 on CoNS strains. Serum showed a potentiating effect on P128 inhibition, as indicated by 4-to 32-fold lower MIC values observed in serum. P128 caused a rapid loss of viability in all CoNS strains tested. Persisters of CoNS that were enriched in the presence of vancomycin or daptomycin were killed by P128 at 1ϫ the MIC in a rapid manner. Low concentrations of P128 caused a 2-to 5-log reduction in CFU in stationary-phase or poorly metabolizing CoNS cultures. P128 at low concentrations eliminated CoNS biofilms in microtiter plates and on the surface of catheters. Combinations of P128 and standard-of-care (SoC) antibiotics were highly synergistic in inhibiting growth in preformed biofilms. Potent activity on planktonic cells, persisters, and biofilms of CoNS suggests that P128 is a promising candidate for the clinical development of treatments for foreign-body-related and other CoNS infections.

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Staphylococcus haemolyticus – an emerging threat in the twilight of the antibiotics age

Cited by 130 publications

References 92 publications

Investigation of Glycopeptide Susceptibility of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) From a Tertiary Care Hospital in Gorgan, Northern Iran

Investigation of Glycopeptide Susceptibility of Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) From a Tertiary Care Hospital in Gorgan, Northern Iran

Phenol-Soluble Modulin Toxins of Staphylococcus haemolyticus

Efficient Killing of Planktonic and Biofilm-Embedded Coagulase-Negative Staphylococci by Bactericidal Protein P128

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