Staphylococcus aureus toxins – Their functions and genetics

Grumann, Dorothee; Nübel, Ulrich; Bröker, Barbara M.

doi:10.1016/j.meegid.2013.03.013

Cited by 169 publications

(163 citation statements)

References 167 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

157

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…The expression of the virulence factorencoding genes seems likely to be dependent on the site of infection [34,35]. In this study, the genes coa, icaA, hlb and hld were highly conserved among MRSA isolates, independently from the clinical origin.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…The gene hlb encodes a magnesium-dependent sphingomyelin-specific phospholipase called β-hemolysin (Hlb), which can lyse erythrocytes, neutrophils and lymphocytes [39]. The pore-forming hemolysin-α (Hla or α-toxin), encoded by hla gene is virtually produced by all strains [34]. However, this gene was detected in only 13% of the isolates in this study, and its presence was strongly associated with the SCCmec type II-harboring isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Molecular and phenotypic characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from hospitalized patients

Oliveira

Morey

Santos

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Introduction: Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is one of the leading causes of infections acquired in both community and hospital settings. In this study, MRSA isolated from different sources of hospitalized patients was characterized by molecular and phenotypic methods. Methodology: A total of 123 S. aureus isolates were characterized according to their genetic relatedness by repetitive element sequence based-PCR (REP-PCR), in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility profile, SCCmec typing and presence of seven virulence factor-encoding genes. Results: REP-PCR fingerprinting showed low relatedness between the isolates, and the predominance of one specific lineage or clonal group was not observed. All isolates were susceptible to teicoplanin and linezolide. All isolates were resistant to cefoxitin and penicillin, and the majority were also resistant to one or more other antimicrobials. Fifty isolates (41.7%) were intermediately resistant to vancomycin. Most isolates harbored SCCmec type II (53.7%), followed by type I (22.8%), type IV (8.1%) and type III (1.6%). All isolates harbored at least two virulence factor-encoding genes, and the prevalence was as follows: coa, 100%; icaA, 100%; hla, 13.0%; hlb, 91.1%, hld, 91.1%; lukS-PV and lukF-PV, 2.4%; and tst, 34.1%. A positive association with the presence of hla and SCCmec type II, and tst and SCCmec type I was observed. Conclusion: This study showed the high virulence potential of multidrug-resistant MRSA circulating in a teaching hospital. A high prevalence of MRSA showing intermediate vancomycin resistance was also observed, indicating the urgent need to improve strategies for controlling the use of antimicrobials for appropriate management of S. aureus infections.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular and phenotypic characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from hospitalized patients

Oliveira

Morey

Santos

et al. 2015

J Infect Dev Ctries

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It is remarkable that almost all (95%) staphylococcal strains that belong to the identified clone harbor both the eta and etb genes, whereas only 0.5 to 3% of MSSA strains examined in previous studies carried those genes (1). Therefore, it is not unexpected that impetigo was the predominant clinical entity.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

“…nounced heterogeneity in the toxin profiles (1). Cutaneous staphylococcal infections, such as highly contagious nonbullous and bullous impetigo (the latter being a form of localized staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome [SSSS] or generalized SSSS), are common in childhood (2).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Emergence of a Staphylococcus aureus Clone Resistant to Mupirocin and Fusidic Acid Carrying Exotoxin Genes and Causing Mainly Skin Infections

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) caused by mupirocin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus strains have recently increased in number in our settings. We sought to evaluate the characteristics of these cases over a 43-month period. Data for all community-acquired staphylococcal infections caused by mupirocin-resistant strains were retrospectively reviewed. Genes encoding products producing high-level resistance (HLR) to mupirocin (mupA), fusidic acid resistance (fusB), resistance to macrolides and lincosamides (ermC and ermA), Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) (lukS/lukF-PV), exfoliative toxins (eta and etb), and fibronectin binding protein A (fnbA) were investigated by PCRs in 102 selected preserved strains. Genotyping was performed by SCCmec and agr typing, whereas clonality was determined by pulsedfield gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST). A total of 437 cases among 2,137 staphylococcal infections were recorded in 2013 to 2016; they were all SSTIs with the exception of 1 case of primary bacteremia. Impetigo was the predominant clinical entity (371 cases [84.9%]), followed by staphylococcal scalded skin syndrome (21 cases [4.8%]), and there were no abscesses. The number of infections detected annually increased during the study years. All except 3 isolates were methicillin susceptible. The rates of HLR to mupirocin and constitutive resistance to clindamycin were 99% and 20.1%, respectively. Among the 102 tested strains, 100 (98%) were mupA positive and 97 (95%) were fusB positive, 26/27 clindamycin-resistant strains (96.3%) were ermA positive, 83 strains (81.4%) were lukS/lukF positive, 95 (93%) carried both eta and etb genes, and 99 (97%) were fnbA positive. Genotyping of methicillin-sensitive S. aureus (MSSA) strains revealed that 96/99 (96.7%) belonged to one main pulsotype, pulsotype 1, classified as sequence type 121 (ST121). The emergence of a single MSSA clone (ST121) causing impetigo was documented. Resistance to topical antimicrobials and a rich toxinogenic profile confer to this clone adaptability for spread in the community.

show abstract

“…Staphylococcal enterotoxins (SE) are a group of potent gastrointestinal protease-tolerant single chain exoproteins, that are pyrogenic toxins resistant to heat [12,13]. As shown recently, S. aureus can produce 23 diverse enterotoxins but most frequently staphylococcal illnesses are generated by the best characterized enterotoxins SEA (80%) and SEB (10%), and their most common way for food contamination is due to poor hygiene during the production process [13].…”

Section: Pathogenic Bacteria and Their Food Toxinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Foodomics for investigations of food toxins

Rešetar

Pavelić

Josić

2015

Current Opinion in Food Science

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Staphylococcus aureus toxins – Their functions and genetics

Abstract: 1The outcome of encounters between Staphylococcus (S.) aureus and its human host 2 ranges from life-threatening infection through allergic reactions to symptom-free

Cited by 169 publications

References 167 publications

Molecular and phenotypic characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from hospitalized patients

Molecular and phenotypic characteristics of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus isolated from hospitalized patients

Emergence of a Staphylococcus aureus Clone Resistant to Mupirocin and Fusidic Acid Carrying Exotoxin Genes and Causing Mainly Skin Infections

Foodomics for investigations of food toxins

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About