Staphylococcus aureus toxins

Otto, Michael

doi:10.1016/j.mib.2013.11.004

Cited by 511 publications

(430 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…The amphipathic PSMa peptide d-toxin was shown to form receptor-independent transient pores in solution (5,23). We hypothesize on the basis of these experiments, that d-toxin and potentially other PSMs form dimers and bind to the cytoplasmic membrane at low peptide density, and oligomers span the membrane and induce pore formation at high peptide density (5,23).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…PSM peptides can affect the generation of bacterial biofilms because of their physical and chemical characteristics and their detergent activities (4). They can attract and activate human neutrophils at nanomolar concentrations, whereas at micromolar concentrations, they induce neutrophil lysis with their ability to form transient pores (3,5). Nanomolar concentrations of PSM peptides are recognized by the human formyl peptide receptor 2 (FPR2) on neutrophils.…”

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confidence: 99%

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PSM Peptides of Staphylococcus aureus Activate the p38–CREB Pathway in Dendritic Cells, Thereby Modulating Cytokine Production and T Cell Priming

Armbruster

Richardson

Schreiner

et al. 2016

The Journal of Immunology

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The challenging human pathogen Staphylococcus aureus has highly efficient immune evasion strategies for causing a wide range of diseases, from skin and soft tissue to life-threatening infections. Phenol-soluble modulin (PSM) peptides are major pathogenicity factors of community-associated methicillin-resistant S. aureus strains. In previous work, we demonstrated that PSMs in combination with TLR2 ligand from S. aureus induce tolerogenic dendritic cells (DCs) characterized by the production of high amounts of IL-10, but no proinflammatory cytokines. This in turn promotes the activation of regulatory T cells while impairing Th1 response; however, the signaling pathways modulated by PSMs remain elusive. In this study, we analyzed the effects of PSMs on signaling pathway modulation downstream of TLR2. TLR2 stimulation in combination with PSMα3 led to increased and prolonged phosphorylation of NF-κB, ERK, p38, and CREB in mouse bone marrow–derived DCs compared with single TLR2 activation. Furthermore, inhibition of p38 and downstream MSK1 prevented IL-10 production, which in turn reduced the capacity of DCs to activate regulatory T cells. Interestingly, the modulation of the signaling pathways by PSMs was independent of the known receptor for PSMs, as shown by experiments with DCs lacking the formyl peptide receptor 2. Instead, PSMs penetrate the cell membrane most likely by transient pore formation. Moreover, colocalization of PSMs and p38 was observed near the plasma membrane in the cytosol, indicating a direct interaction. Thus, PSMs from S. aureus directly modulate the signaling pathway p38–CREB in DCs, thereby impairing cytokine production and in consequence T cell priming to increase the tolerance toward the pathogen.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

PSM Peptides of Staphylococcus aureus Activate the p38–CREB Pathway in Dendritic Cells, Thereby Modulating Cytokine Production and T Cell Priming

Armbruster

Richardson

Schreiner

et al. 2016

The Journal of Immunology

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“…S. aureus secretes several toxins including pore-forming toxins, toxic shock syndrome toxin and enterotoxins [82]. In vitro , staphylococcal enterotoxins A and B (SEA and SEB) were shown to enhance the rhinovirus replication in A549 epithelial cells in a dose-dependent manner; however, they were found able to enhance neither ICAM-1 expression nor Il-1β, IL-6 and IL-8 secretion [53].…”

Section: Mechanisms Involved In Interactions Between Staphylococcus Amentioning

confidence: 99%

Staphylococcus aureus colonization and non-influenza respiratory viruses: Interactions and synergism mechanisms

et al. 2018

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Viral infections of the respiratory tract can be complicated by bacterial superinfection, resulting in a significantly longer duration of illness and even a fatal outcome. In this review, we focused on interactions between S. aureus and non-influenza viruses. Clinical data evidenced that rhinovirus infection may increase the S. aureus carriage load in humans and its spread. In children, respiratory syncytial virus infection is associated with S. aureus carriage. The mechanisms by which some non-influenza respiratory viruses predispose host cells to S. aureus superinfection can be summarized in three categories: i) modifying expression levels of cellular patterns involved in S. aureus adhesion and/or internalization, ii) inducing S. aureus invasion of epithelial cells due to the disruption of tight junctions, and iii) decreasing S. aureus clearance by altering the immune response. The comprehension of pathways involved in S. aureus-respiratory virus interactions may help developing new strategies of preventive and curative therapy.

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“…Similarly, S. aureus is a dangerous and versatile pathogen that causes a variety of severe diseases; most frequently, skin and respiratory tract infections [26]. S. aureus is the most common nosocomial pathogen, and it is associated with high morbidity and mortality, causing clinical disease in 2% of all patient admissions [27,28]. Like P. aeruginosa, S. aureus is also an extraordinarily adaptable pathogen with a proven ability to develop resistance.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Wavelength-normalized spectroscopic analysis of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth rates

McBirney

Trinh

Wong-Beringer

et al. 2016

Biomed. Opt. Express

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Optical density (OD) measurements are the standard approach used in microbiology for characterizing bacteria concentrations in culture media. OD is based on measuring the optical absorbance of a sample at a single wavelength, and any error will propagate through all calculations, leading to reproducibility issues. Here, we use the conventional OD technique to measure the growth rates of two different species of bacteria, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Staphylococcus aureus. The same samples are also analyzed over the entire UV-Vis wavelength spectrum, allowing a distinctly different strategy for data analysis to be performed. Specifically, instead of only analyzing a single wavelength, a multiwavelength normalization process is implemented. When the OD method is used, the detected signal does not follow the log growth curve. In contrast, the multi-wavelength normalization process minimizes the impact of bacteria byproducts and environmental noise on the signal, thereby accurately quantifying growth rates with high fidelity at low concentrations.

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Staphylococcus aureus toxins

Cited by 511 publications

References 49 publications

PSM Peptides of Staphylococcus aureus Activate the p38–CREB Pathway in Dendritic Cells, Thereby Modulating Cytokine Production and T Cell Priming

PSM Peptides of Staphylococcus aureus Activate the p38–CREB Pathway in Dendritic Cells, Thereby Modulating Cytokine Production and T Cell Priming

Staphylococcus aureus colonization and non-influenza respiratory viruses: Interactions and synergism mechanisms

Wavelength-normalized spectroscopic analysis of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa growth rates

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