Staphylococcus aureus Orchestrates Type 2 Airway Diseases

Teufelberger, Andrea Renate; Bröker, Barbara M.; Krysko, Dmitri V.; Bachert, Claus; Krysko, Olga

doi:10.1016/j.molmed.2019.05.003

Cited by 52 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 95 publications

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“…Th1 responses promote macrophage activation and intracellular elimination of phagocytosed bacteria, while Th17 responses initiate neutrophil maturation and recruitment, and they enhance epithelial and mucosal barrier functions [50]. Thus we have proposed that type 2 immunity, which can be promoted by SAgs, represents an immune evasion mechanism [4,134]. It is, therefore, not surprising to notice that the rate of colonization of S. aureus among allergic patients, such as atopic dermatitis and CRS, is significantly higher than in healthy individuals [4,135,136].…”

Section: How Does S Aureus Benefit From Producing Sags?mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There is accumulating evidence today that SE-IgE is present in a relevant subgroup of patients suffering from upper and lower type 2 airway diseases [4,78,79]. In a multicenter European study, 2908 subjects representative of the general population answered questionnaires on their disease, underwent skin prick tests (SPT) for common aeroallergens, and provided blood for measurement of total serum IgE and serum SE-IgE, using a mix of three staphylococcal superantigens (SEA, SEC, and TSST-1) [80].…”

Section: Epidemiological Evidence For Sag Involvement In Allergymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, Spls were identified as allergens of S. aureus [4,70,71]. The immune response against these proteases is characterized by the formation of high titers of specific IgE, release of type 2 cytokines in healthy individuals, and eosinophilic infiltration in the airways upon intratracheal Spl exposure in mice [70].…”

Section: Interaction With B Cells As Superallergens and Conventional mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, these bacteria cause a wide spectrum of illnesses, ranging from self-limiting food poisoning and skin and soft tissue infections to life-threatening diseases, such as pneumonia, endocarditis, and sepsis [3]. In addition, more recent evidence suggests an unexpected role of S. aureus in allergic diseases [4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(1) Provides an overview on the function and diversity of staphylococcal superantigens (SAgs), (2) Reports on advances in the development of SAg vaccines, (3) Summarizes recent epidemiological data on the involvement of SAgs in allergy, (4) Outlines mechanisms by which SAgs could induce or amplify allergic responses, (5) Elaborates on the evolutionary advantage gained by the production of SAgs, and finally, (6) Discusses knowledge gaps that should be addressed in future research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Allergy—A New Role for T Cell Superantigens of Staphylococcus aureus?

Abdurrahman

Schmiedeke

Bachert

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Staphylococcus aureus superantigens (SAgs) are among the most potent T cell mitogens known. They stimulate large fractions of T cells by cross-linking their T cell receptor with major histocompatibility complex class-II molecules on antigen presenting cells, resulting in T cell proliferation and massive cytokine release. To date, 26 different SAgs have been described in the species S. aureus; they comprise the toxic shock syndrome toxin (TSST-1), as well as 25 staphylococcal enterotoxins (SEs) or enterotoxin-like proteins (SEls). SAgs can cause staphylococcal food poisoning and toxic shock syndrome and contribute to the clinical symptoms of staphylococcal infection. In addition, there is growing evidence that SAgs are involved in allergic diseases. This review provides an overview on recent epidemiological data on the involvement of S. aureus SAgs and anti-SAg-IgE in allergy, demonstrating that being sensitized to SEs-in contrast to inhalant allergens-is associated with a severe disease course in patients with chronic airway inflammation. The mechanisms by which SAgs trigger or amplify allergic immune responses, however, are not yet fully understood. Here, we discuss known and hypothetical pathways by which SAgs can drive an atopic disease. Key Contribution:There is growing evidence for an involvement of S. aureus SAgs in allergies. Colonization with S. aureus and the presence of IgE antibodies against SAgs (also known as SE-IgE) are strongly linked with allergic sensitization and severe chronic inflammatory airway diseases. Here, we discuss possible mechanisms by which SAgs can drive/or exacerbate an allergic immune response.

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Section: How Does S Aureus Benefit From Producing Sags?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Epidemiological Evidence For Sag Involvement In Allergymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Interaction With B Cells As Superallergens and Conventional mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Allergy—A New Role for T Cell Superantigens of Staphylococcus aureus?

Abdurrahman

Schmiedeke

Bachert

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Staphylococcus aureus‐derived factors promote human Th9 cell polarization and enhance a transcriptional program associated with allergic inflammation

et al. 2023

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T helper (Th) 9 cells, characterized by robust secretion of IL‐9, have been increasingly associated with allergic diseases. However, whether and how Th9 cells are modulated by environmental stimuli remains poorly understood. In this study, we show that in vitro exposure of human PBMCs or isolated CD4 T‐cells to Staphylococcus (S.) aureus‐derived factors, including its toxins, potently enhances Th9 cell frequency and IL‐9 secretion. Furthermore, as revealed by RNA sequencing analysis, S. aureus increases the expression of Th9‐promoting factors at the transcriptional level, such as FOXO1, miR‐155, and TNFRSF4. The addition of retinoic acid (RA) dampens the Th9 responses promoted by S. aureus and substantially changes the transcriptional program induced by this bacterium, while also altering the expression of genes associated with allergic inflammation. Together, our results demonstrate a strong influence of microbial and dietary factors on Th9 cell polarization, which may be important in the context of allergy development and treatment.

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Staphylococcus aureus and Its Proteins

Abdurrahmanm

Bröker

2022

Chronic Rhinosinusitis

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Staphylococcus aureus Orchestrates Type 2 Airway Diseases

Cited by 52 publications

References 95 publications

Allergy—A New Role for T Cell Superantigens of Staphylococcus aureus?

Allergy—A New Role for T Cell Superantigens of Staphylococcus aureus?

Staphylococcus aureus‐derived factors promote human Th9 cell polarization and enhance a transcriptional program associated with allergic inflammation

Staphylococcus aureus and Its Proteins

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