Staphylococcus aureus nasal colonization in HIV outpatients: Persistent or transient?

Padoveze, Maria Clara; Pedro, Rogério de Jesus; Menezes, Dulcinéa Blum; Bratfich, O.J.; Moretti, Maria Luíza

doi:10.1016/j.ajic.2007.05.012

Cited by 25 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…The intermittent nature of colonization is illustrated in the study by Shet et al,54 where the prevalence of MRSA colonization was 4.7% at the first visit, 8.7% at the second visit, and 11.8% at the third visit for a cumulative prevalence of 16.8% 54. It has been estimated that up to 20% of true carriers can be missed when a single sample is obtained 55. As far as persistence of colonization in HIV-infected patients who are known to be colonized, 38%–39% of patients have been reported to be persistent carriers, but up to 62% of patients will have a positive S. aureus nares culture if screened at three different points in time 55…”

Section: Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in HIV-infected patients

Hidrón¹,

Kempker²,

Moanna³

et al. 2010

IDR

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Concordant with the emergence of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the community setting, colonization and infections with this pathogen have become a prevalent problem among the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive population. A variety of different host- and, possibly, pathogen-related factors may play a role in explaining the increased prevalence and incidence observed. In this article, we review pathophysiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and treatment of MRSA in the HIV-infected population.

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Section: Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Groups of patients with higher colonization rates have been identified, including patients with HIV infection 48–55. For MRSA, specifically, colonization rates of 0%–17% have been reported for HIV-positive outpatients and 17%–31% for inpatients (Table 1).…”

Section: Epidemiology and Clinical Manifestationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in HIV-infected patients

Hidrón¹,

Kempker²,

Moanna³

et al. 2010

IDR

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“…Advanced age [6], male gender, Caucasian ethnicity [7] and genetic predisposition [8] have been identified as increasing the frequency of colonization. Hormonal contraception [9], medical conditions, such as diabetes [10], haemodialysis [11], human immunodeficiency virus [12], and obesity [13], may also heighten the risk of nasal carriage and consequently augment the risk of infection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Basic Rules of Hygiene Protect Health Care and Lab Workers from Nasal Colonization by Staphylococcus aureus: An International Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2013

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Acquisition of nasal Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) colonization by contaminated hands is likely an important determinant of its nasal carriage rate in health care and lab setting. The objective of our cross-sectional study was to assess the prevalence of nasal methicillin-sensitive (MSSA) or -resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) carriage among health care professionals (HCPs) attending an international symposium and to study the association between compliance with hygiene rules, individual-related parameters, and medical conditions with nasal S. aureus carriage in this population. After obtaining consent, two nasal swabs were collected. Nasal MSSA and MRSA carriage was measured by the: i) molecular approach targeting spa, mecA and mecA-orfX junction sequences, and ii) culture on selective S. aureus media combined with mecA molecular detection of isolated strains. Information on compliance with hygiene rules, demographic variables, sector of activity and long-term medication was collected by anonymous questionnaire. The participation rate was 32.3%. In total, 176 subjects from 34 countries were included in the analysis. S. aureus was isolated from the nasal swabs of 57 (32.4%) subjects, of whom 3 (5.3%) harbored MRSA strains. Overall, 123 subjects reported working in microbiology laboratories with direct manipulation of S. aureus, and 29 acknowledged regular contacts with patients. In this exposed population, hydro-alcoholic solutions appeared to have a significant protective effect against nasal S. aureus carriage (OR = 0.36; 95% CI: 0.15–0.85). Hospital work was associated with increased risk of nasal S. aureus carriage (OR = 2.38; 95% CI: 1.07–5.29). The results of this study showed that compliance with basic rules of hygiene, such as the use of hydro-alcoholic solutions, could reduce the risk of nasal S. aureus colonization. Hydro-alcoholic solution could interrupt auto-transmission of the pathogen, consequently decreasing the overall nasal carriage rate, specifically in transient carriers.

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“…HIV-infected patients also appear to be at increased risk for persistent S. aureus nasal colonization [23] and for recurrent S. aureus infections at low CD4 + cell counts [24]. Because of increased risk for S. aureus and MRSA colonization among HIV-infected patients [19,25,26], we assessed the impact that CA-MRSA has had on this population.…”

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confidence: 99%