Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization: An Update on Mechanisms, Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Subsequent Infections

Sakr, Adèle; Brégeon, Fabienne; Mège, Jean Louis; Rolain, Jean‐Marc; Blin, Olivier

doi:10.3389/fmicb.2018.02419

Cited by 385 publications

(396 citation statements)

References 167 publications

(242 reference statements)

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“…Despite the propensity to cause significant morbidity and mortality, S. aureus exists as a part of the microbiota of approximately one-quarter of the population (Sakr et al, 2018); however, colonized individuals are more likely to develop S. aureus-mediated disease (Kluytmans and Wertheim, 2005). In thinking about the dynamics of colonization of the host, S. aureus must interact and compete with the other resident flora as a means to establish itself as a part of the microbiota of a particular niche (Burian et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The ability of commensal bacteria to block pathogen colonization is true at other anatomical locations as well. S. aureus nasal colonization in particular is greatly dependent on molecular interactions with the nasal flora (Brugger et al, 2016;Sakr et al, 2018). Indeed, the nasal cavity is a high salinity and nutrient scarce niche where resident and incoming bacteria compete for limited resources and space in a type of "bacterial warfare" (Krismer et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Antimicrobial Activity of Clinically Isolated Bacterial Species Against Staphylococcus aureus

et al. 2020

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antimicrobial Activity of Clinically Isolated Bacterial Species Against Staphylococcus aureus

et al. 2020

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“…[28][29][30] Several risk factors have been described for S aureus colonization including gender, age, recent hospitalization, ethnicity, genetic predisposition, diabetes mellitus, HIV, haemodialysis, other concurrent skin infections and antibiotic treatment misuse. [34] This study did not identify any 8 statistically significant risk factors that predicted for the pre-operative colonization with S aureus, which was likely due to the small sample size.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 72%

Prevalence Of Staphylococcus Aureus Colonization In Patients For Total Joint Arthroplasty In South Africa

Pietrzak

Maharaj

Mokete

2020

Preprint

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Background: Periprosthetic joint infections are a major source of morbidity and mortality for patients undergoing Total Joint Arthroplasty. Staphylococcus aureus colonization is an independent, modifiable risk factor for periprosthetic joint infections. Post-operative infections are reported to be ten times greater in Staphylococcus aureus carriers than in non-carriers in developed countries though recorded data is lacking for the developing world. This study aims to determine the prevalence of Staphylococcus aureus colonization in patients awaiting Total Joint Arthroplasty in South Africa. Methods: We prospectively assessed 119 patients awaiting Total Knee Arthroplasty and Total Hip Arthroplasty between May and October 2016. We screened three separate anatomical sites on each patient for Staphylococcus aureus. Patients with positive cultures were treated with intranasal mupirocin ointment and chlorhexidine body wash. Univariate and comparative statistical analyses to determine risk factors for colonization was conducted using t-tests, Fisher's exact tests, and chi square analyses.Results: The overall prevalence of Methicillin Sensitive Staphylococcus aureus colonization was 31.9% (n = 38). There were no patients colonized with Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus . Nasal swabs returned a yield of 81.6%(n=31), with groin swabs and axillary swabs at 39.5% (n=15) and28.9% (n=11) respectively. Eradication was successful in 94.74% (n=36) after five days treatment. All patients (100%) were decolonized after counseling and repeat eradication treatment. The overall complication rate was 7.6% (n=9). The 30-day readmission rate in the Staphylococcus aureuscolonized group was 7.9% (n=3) as opposed to 7.4% (n=6) in the non-colonized cohort. There were no 60-and 90-day readmissions and no cases were revised at a mean follow-up of 2.26 years. Conclusions: The rate of Staphylococcus aureus colonization in patients undergoing elective TotalJoint Arthroplasty in a developing country was 31.9% and is equivalent to reported rates in developed countries. Eradication treatment with combined intranasal mupirocin ointment and chlorhexidine body wash is a successful treatment modality. A larger cohort of patients is recommended to determine risk factors and post-operative septic sequelae in this population group.

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“…In most cases, the nose is the natural reservoir for these organisms. It has also been suggested that there may be an intracellular reservoir . Thus, approximately 40 % of affected patients experience recurrences despite adequate treatment of the primary infection .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recurrent mucocutaneous infections caused by PVL‐positive Staphylococcus aureus strains: a challenge in clinical practice

Hischebeth

Altengarten

Exner

et al. 2020

J Deutsche Derma Gesell

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Background: Recurrent mucocutaneous infections caused by PVL-positive Staphylococcus (S.) aureus strains represent an increasing problem in Germany. Although there have been several outbreaks at day care centers and in urban communities in recent years, there are currently no diagnostic algorithms or treatment recommendations for these particular infections in Germany. Methods:We performed a literature search in the PubMed/MEDLINE database with the goal of developing an algorithm for diagnosis and treatment of these infections. National and international recommendations were also considered.Results: Panton-Valentine leukocidin (PVL) is a pore-forming protein produced by certain S. aureus strains. Both methicillin-susceptible (MSSA) and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) strains may carry the lukS-lukF gene responsible for PVL production. The clinical presentation of infections caused by PVL-positive S. aureus ranges from isolated recurrent abscesses to extensive furunculosis. Despite adequate treatment of primary infections, approximately 40 % of patients develop recurrent disease. The choice of treatment regimen is guided by the clinical presentation of the infection. In addition, some scientific literature recommends bacteriological screening of patients and their contacts, followed by decolonization of affected individuals. Conclusions:The present article focuses on the pathogenesis and risk factors of recurrent mucocutaneous infections caused by PVL-positive S. aureus strains and proposes a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm for optimal patient care.

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Staphylococcus aureus Nasal Colonization: An Update on Mechanisms, Epidemiology, Risk Factors, and Subsequent Infections

Cited by 385 publications

References 167 publications

Antimicrobial Activity of Clinically Isolated Bacterial Species Against Staphylococcus aureus

Antimicrobial Activity of Clinically Isolated Bacterial Species Against Staphylococcus aureus

Prevalence Of Staphylococcus Aureus Colonization In Patients For Total Joint Arthroplasty In South Africa

Recurrent mucocutaneous infections caused by PVL‐positive Staphylococcus aureus strains: a challenge in clinical practice

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