Staphylococcus aureus infections in children

Abstract

Purpose of review Staphylococcus aureus is the most common invasive bacterial pathogen infecting children in the U.S. and many parts of the world. This major human pathogen continues to evolve, and recognition of recent trends in epidemiology, therapeutics and future horizons is of high importance. Recent findings Over the past decade, a relative rise of methicillin-susceptible S. aureus (MSSA) has occurred, such that methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) no longer dominates the landscape of invasive disease. Antimicrobial resistance continues to develop, however, and novel therapeutics or preventive modalities are urgently needed. Unfortunately, several recent vaccine attempts proved unsuccessful in humans. Summary Recent scientific breakthroughs highlight the opportunity for novel interventions against S. aureus by interfering with virulence rather than by traditional antimicrobial mechanisms. A S. aureus vaccine remains elusive; the reasons for this are multifactorial, and lessons learned from prior unsuccessful attempts may create a path toward an effective preventive. Finally, new diagnostic modalities have the potential to greatly enhance clinical care for invasive S. aureus disease in children.

Proportion of toxin and non-toxin virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus isolates from diabetic foot infection: a systematic review and meta-analysis

“…In a systematic review and meta-analysis, it was reported that the mortality rate from S. aureus bacteremia was 18.1%, 27.0%, and 30.2% at 1 month, 3 months, and 1 year, respectively [ 2 ]. S. aureus is also the leading invasive bacterial pathogen in children in many parts of the world [ 3 ].…”

In silico targeting enterotoxin from Staphylococcus aureus with selected flavonoids: Hope for the discovery of natural anti-mastitis agents

“…They showed high resistance to the majority of protein-degrading enzymes and hence continue to operate in the digestive tract after consumption. Developing an impressive list of protein toxins is crucial to S. aureus pathogenicity (Cassat and Thomsen 2021). These can function alone or in combination to induce various human disorders.…”

Retrospective Study on Staphylococcus aureus Resistance Profile and Antibiotic Use in a Pediatric Population

“…Skin infection with epidermolytic toxin-producing staphylococci is the cause of acute epidermal necrolysis (Ritter’s disease in infants or Lyell’s disease in young children) [ 6 ]. Bacteremia is usually complicated by metastatic abscesses, which are peculiar elements of invasive inflammatory lesions of S. aureus [ 7 ], with different localizations that can reach the skeletal system, causing the destruction of bone tissue and septic arthritis [ 8 ]. In patients with underlying or recent lung disease, this bacterium can lead to the formation of abscesses and lung consolidation.…”