Staphylococcus aureus Induced Wound Infections Which Antimicrobial Resistance, Methicillin- and Vancomycin-Resistant: Assessment of Emergence and Cross Sectional Study

Abstract

Background Wound infection is a prevalent concern in the medical field, being is a multi-step process involving several biological processes. Methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) infections often occur in areas of damaged skin, such as abrasions and open wounds. Methods This research aims to light the incidence of MRSA and VRSA in wound swabs, the antimicrobial susceptibility configuration of isolated S. aureus patterns in pus/wound samples collected from Saudi Arabian tertiary hospital. The cross section study, β- lactamase detection, VRSA genotyping, MAR index, D-test and VRSA genotyping are methods, which used for completed this research. Results Patients of several ages and genders delivered specimens from two hospitals in the Al jouf area, in the northern province of Saudi Arabia. S. aureus was found in 188 (34.7%) of the 542 wounds. The traumatized wounds provided 71 isolates (38.8%), surgical wound provided 49 isolates (26.8%) and abscess were represented 16 by isolates (8.7%). In the study, 123 (65.4%) out of 188 were MRSA, 60 (31.9%) were MSSA, and five (2.7%) were VRSA. Linezolid and rifampin were found to be the most effective antimicrobials with 100% in vitro antibacterial activity against S. aureus isolates. The Multiple antimicrobials resistance (MAR) index revealed 73 isolates (38.9%) with a MAR index greater than 0.2, and 115 (61.1%) less than 0.2. The D-test showed that of MLS b phenotypes among S. aureus , 22 (11.7%) strains were D-test positive (MLSb i phenotype), 53 (28.2%) strains were constitutive MLS c phenotypes, and 17 (9%) strains were shown to have MSb phenotypes. All VRSA isolates (n=5) were found to be positive for vanA , and no vanB positive isolates were detected in the study. Conclusion Regular monitoring and an antimicrobials stewardship program should be in place to provide critical information that can be utilized for empirical therapy and future prevention strategies.

Limits of Detection Analysis of Advanced Technologies for Bacterial Detection in Food Samples: Review & Future Perspective

“…Figure 2b shows the percentage of articles according to food sample type with varying detection methods. Although milk was always included in most articles (13,17,22 in PCR, LFIA, and electrochemical methods respectively), the second is mammals in PCR and LFIA (12 and 11 respectively) but plants mainly feature for electrochemical methods (11). In addition, more common food samples in every detection method accounts for more than half of the articles together.…”

“…S. aureus is normally found in birds, meat and milk [16]. S. aureus is one of the common bacteria that display antimicrobial resistance, to antibiotics like methicillin and vancomycin [17][18]. Common symptoms of S. aureus are shown on the skin, as painful red welts and sores [19][20].…”

Multidrug-Resistant Commensal and Infection-Causing Staphylococcus spp. Isolated from Companion Animals in the Valencia Region

“…Another of these antibiotics with high AMR found in this study was lincomycin, with the highest resistance observed in commensal S. aureus (83.3%) and S. pseudintermedius (25.9%), as well as in infection-causing S. aureus (33.3%) isolated from dogs. Most of the cases reporting lincomycin resistance in Staphylococcus strains are from intensive care units [ 85 ] and hospitals [ 84 , 86 ], so the expected results would have been that, as in other studies carried out in different countries such as Portugal [ 72 , 78 ], Brazil [ 68 ], Italy [ 73 ], and China [ 79 ], no resistance to this antibiotic would be observed.…”

“…In the new WHO medically important antimicrobial list, quinolones belonged to the highest priority critically important antimicrobials (HPCIAs), antibiotics that should only be used in veterinary medicine when all others have failed [28]. Overall, the AMR of quinolones was around 30%, varying from one Staphylococcus species to another, as seen in different studies [68][69][70]. In particular, levofloxacin and moxifloxacin had the highest AMR in the quinolones group in both dog and cat S. aureus and S. pseudintermedius, regardless of whether they were commensal or infection-causing strains.…”

In vitro and in silico biopotentials of phytochemical compositions and antistaphylococcal and antipseudomonal activities of volatile compounds of Argania spinosa (L.) seed oil

“…Recent research ( Avsar et al, 2016 ) proved that this oil treated second-degree burns in rats more quickly than silver sulfadiazine, exhibiting strong TGF-1 expression and wound closure. Additionally, it has a high concentration of monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids (with an average value of more than 80%), including oleic acid (50%) and linoleic acid (30%), which have antibacterial properties ( Gharby and Charrouf, 2022 ; Almuhayawi et al, 2023b ; Hussein et al, 2023 ), and argan oil can shield the wound from the outside environment. However, in the present trial, no wounds developed an infection.…”