Staphylococcus aureus carriage in older populations in community residential care homes: Prevalence and molecular characterization of MRSA isolates

Galán-Sánchez, Fátima; Pérez-Eslava, María; Machuca, Jesús; Trujillo-Soto, Teresa; Arca-Suárez, Jorge; Rodríguez-Iglesias, Manuel

doi:10.1016/j.eimc.2018.05.011

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Nevertheless, it is very difficult to determine the original source of transmission in this population. The crucial role of care homes in the transmission of MDRO infections has been consistently reported [13][14][15][16]. A number of factors could explain this high transmission, e.g., healthcare personnel simultaneously working in several care homes, the high rate of hospitalization and antibiotic use in this vulnerable population, or a lack of resources and training in infection prevention measures, as previously suggested in Spain [17].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

“…A recent systematic review found a high frequency of AMDR in care homes [14]. In Spain, the transmission of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and a high rate of quinolone-resistant MRSA have been reported in community care homes [15]. Although the aforementioned review did not show conclusive results regarding the usefulness of strategies to reduce AMR in care homes [14], some evidence shows promising results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Prevalence of Multi-Resistant Microorganisms and Antibiotic Stewardship among Hospitalized Patients Living in Residential Care Homes in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2020

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Antimicrobial resistance is a growing global health problem. Patients living in care homes are a vulnerable high-risk population colonized by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDRO). We identified a case series of 116 residents of care homes from a cohort of 540 consecutive patients admitted to the internal medicine service of our hospital. We performed early diagnostic tests of MDRO through anal exudates in our sample. The prevalence of MDRO colonization was 34.5% of residents and 70% of them had not been previously identified in the clinical records. Previous hospitalizations and in-hospital antibiotic administration were significantly associated with the presence of MDRO. Our results emphasize the need to consider care homes in the planning of regional and national infection control measures and for implementing surveillance systems that monitor the spread of antimicrobial resistance in Spain. Systematic early testing upon admission to hospital services with a high prevalence of patients with MDRO colonization (e.g., internal medicine) could contribute to the adoption of adequate prevention measures. Specific educational programs for care home staff should also be implemented to address this increasing problem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 75%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Multi-Resistant Microorganisms and Antibiotic Stewardship among Hospitalized Patients Living in Residential Care Homes in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study

et al. 2020

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“…The types of studies were as follows: 99 (73.8%) cross-sectional studies [1,[15][16][17]19,26,[28][29][30][31][32]34,35,37,39,40,[42][43][44]46,47,50,52,54,55,57,[59][60][61][62]65,[68][69][70][71][72][73]75,[77][78][79][80][81][82][83][84][85][87][88][89][91][92]…”

Section: Studies Includedmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The studies were conducted in several continents, mainly Europe (n = 70, 52.2%) [1,13,[15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22]25,[30][31][32]34,36,37,39,40,[46][47][48][49][50]52,53,55,57,62,63,68,[70][71][72][75][76][77]79,80,[83][84][85][86]88,[91][92][93]98,99,101,[103][104]…”

Section: Studies Includedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Multidrug-Resistant Organisms Colonization in Long-Term Care Facilities Around the World: A Review

et al. 2021

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Elderly people confined to chronic care facilities face an increased risk of acquiring infections by multidrug-resistant organisms (MDROs). This review presents the current knowledge of the prevalence and risk factors for colonization by MDROs in long-term care facilities (LTCF), thereby providing a useful reference to establish objectives for implementing successful antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs). We searched in PubMed and Scopus for studies examining the prevalence of MDROs and/or risk factors for the acquisition of MDROs in LTCF. One hundred and thirty-four studies published from 1987 to 2020 were included. The prevalence of MDROs in LTCF varies between the different continents, where Asia reported the highest prevalence of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase (ESBL) Enterobacterales (71.6%), carbapenem resistant (CR) Enterobacterales (6.9%) and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) (25.6%) and North America the highest prevalence to MDR Pseudomonas aeruginosa (5.4%), MDR Acinetobacter baumannii (15.0%), vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus spp. (VRE) (4.0%), and Clostridioides difficile (26.1%). Furthermore, MDRO prevalence has experienced changes over time, with increases in MDR P. aeruginosa and extended spectrum ß-lactamase producing Enterobacterales observed starting in 2015 and decreases of CR Enterobacterales, MDR A. baumannii, VRE, MRSA and C. difficile. Several risk factors have been found, such as male sex, chronic wounds, the use of medical devices, and previous antibiotic use. The last of these aspects represents one of the most important modifiable factors for reducing colonization with MDROs through implementing ASPs in LTCF.

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Virulence adaption to environment promotes the age-dependent nasal colonization of Staphylococcus aureus

Zhao

Cheng

Yang

et al. 2022

Emerging Microbes & Infections

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Staphylococcus aureus is an important human commensal bacteria colonizing the human body, especially the nasal cavity. The nasal carriage can be a source of S. aureus bacteremia. However, the bacterial factors contributing to nasal colonization are not completely understood. By analysing S. aureus strains from the nasal cavity of the children, young adults, and seniors, we found that the low activity of the SaeRS two-component system (TCS) is an important determinant for S. aureus to colonize in seniors. The senior group isolates of S. aureus showed a rather distinct sequence type composition as compared with other age group isolates. The senior group isolates showed not only a lower gene carriage of enterotoxins a, c, and q but also lower hemolytic activity against human red blood cells. Of regulators affecting hemolysin production (i.e. agr , saeRS , rot , rsp , and sarS ), only the SaeRS TCS showed an age-dependent decrease of activity. The decreased virulence and better colonization ability of the senior group isolates of S. aureus were confirmed in the mouse model. The senior group isolates showed the lowest survival and the best adhesion and colonizing ability. Also, the senior nasal secretions supported S. aureus survival better than the child and young adult nasal secretions. These results indicated that the senior nasal cavity favours colonization of S. aureus with higher adhesion and lower virulence, to which the reduced SaeRS TCS activity contributes. Taken together, our results illustrate an example of bacterial adaptation to the changing host environment.

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Staphylococcus aureus carriage in older populations in community residential care homes: Prevalence and molecular characterization of MRSA isolates

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Prevalence of Multi-Resistant Microorganisms and Antibiotic Stewardship among Hospitalized Patients Living in Residential Care Homes in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study

Prevalence of Multi-Resistant Microorganisms and Antibiotic Stewardship among Hospitalized Patients Living in Residential Care Homes in Spain: A Cross-Sectional Study

Prevalence and Risk Factors for Multidrug-Resistant Organisms Colonization in Long-Term Care Facilities Around the World: A Review

Virulence adaption to environment promotes the age-dependent nasal colonization of Staphylococcus aureus

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