Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in bulk tank milk, livestock and dairy-farm personnel in north-central and north-eastern Greece: Prevalence, characterization and genetic relatedness

Papadopoulos, Panagiotis; Angelidis, Apostolos S.; Papadopoulos, T.; Kotzamanidis, Christos; Ζdragas, Αntonios; Papa, Anna; Filioussis, George; Sergelidis, Daniel

doi:10.1016/j.fm.2019.103249

Cited by 49 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…The high level of penicillin resistance observed in this study is consistent with many other authors (Pereira et al 2009;Jamali et al 2015;Chaalal et al 2018;Gharsa et al 2019;Obaidat et al 2018;Papadopoulos et al 2019b). The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance has been usually attributed to the misuse or indiscriminate use of antibiotics as therapeutic drugs in human and animal health care or as growth promoters in veterinary husbandry (Ruiz and Alvarez-Ord oñez 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…None of our MRSA strains carried the genes encoding the Panton Valentine leucocidin (lukF/S-PV), although these genes have been detected by others in raw milk samples (Haran et al 2012;Basanisi et al 2017;Chaalal et al 2018), meat (Hanson et al 2011;Thapaliya et al 2017; Chaalal et al 2018) and ready to eat foods (Chaalal et al 2018;Islam et al 2019). Similar to our results, previous studies have reported the ability of MRSA strains to carry SE genes (Normano et al2007b;Haran et al 2012;Parisi et al 2016;Rodr ıguez-L azaro et al 2017;Papadopoulos et al 2019b;Titouche et al 2019). However, in contrast to data on Salmonella spp, Campylobacter spp and Shigella spp, which show clearly the involvement of antimicrobial-resistant strains in food-borne outbreaks, there are only a few studies on the occurrence of MRSA strains in SFP (Sergelidis and Angelidis 2017).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The antimicrobial susceptibility of MRSA strains revealed that all of these strains were resistant to antimicrobial agent other than b-lactams, such as tetracycline, aminoglycosides (tobramycin and neomycin), macrolides (erythromycin) and chloramphenicol, indicating a multidrug-resistant phenotype, as in other studies (Caruso et al 2016;Parisi et al 2016;Chaalal et al 2018;Titouche et al 2019;Papadopoulos et al 2019b). None of our MRSA strains carried the genes encoding the Panton Valentine leucocidin (lukF/S-PV), although these genes have been detected by others in raw milk samples (Haran et al 2012;Basanisi et al 2017;Chaalal et al 2018), meat (Hanson et al 2011;Thapaliya et al 2017; Chaalal et al 2018) and ready to eat foods (Chaalal et al 2018;Islam et al 2019).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

“…All MRSA strains of our study were isolated from raw milk and dairy products (rayeb). As reported by many authors, raw milk has been identified as a source of MRSA demonstrating the potential food safety of contaminated milk and dairy products entering the human food chain (Carfora et al 2015;Caruso et al 2016;Parisi et al 2016;Basanisi et al 2017;Giaciniti et al 2017;Papadopoulos et al 2019b;Titouche et al 2019). However, MRSA was also isolated in meat (De Boer et al 2009;Hanson et al 2011;Thapaliya et al 2017;Tang et al 2017) and from ready to eat products (Wang et al 2017;Islam et al 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Enterotoxin genes and antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food products in Algeria

Titouche

Houali

Ruiz-Ripa

et al. 2020

J. Appl. Microbiol.

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Aims The aim of this study was to characterize Staphylococcusaureus isolates of food origin (dairy and meat products, pastries and sandwiches) determining the carriage in enterotoxin genes and the antimicrobial resistance pheno/genotypes. Methods and results A total of 300 food samples were collected and analysed for the detection of S. aureus. The presence of enterotoxin genes was investigated by multiplex PCRs. Resistance of isolates to 11 antimicrobials was determined using disc diffusion method and molecular characterization of methicillin‐resistant S. aureus was carried out by spa typing and multilocus sequence typing. Overall, 51 out of 300 samples (17%) were contaminated with S. aureus, and 104 isolates were recovered. In all, 65 of these isolates (62·5%) harboured one or more genes encoding for staphylococcal enterotoxins, being seg and sei the most observed genes. The highest resistance profile was ascribed to penicillin G (95·19%). Five isolates were methicillin‐resistant (MRSA) harbouring the mecA gene. All MRSA isolates belonged to the sequence type ST5 and to two different spa types (t450 and t688); the MRSA‐t450 isolate carried the scn gene (specific marker of the immune evasion cluster system), but the four MRSA‐t688 isolates were scn negative. The MRSA isolates carried enterotoxin genes but were negative for the genes of the Panton Valentine leukocidine (lukF/S‐PV). Conclusion The presence of enterotoxigenic S. aureus isolates, including MRSA, in food samples can represent a risk for public health. Significance and Impact of this Study This work describes the molecular characteristics of MRSA strains isolated from foods in Algeria and it can contribute to an extended database concerning the S. aureus isolated from food origin.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 84%

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Enterotoxin genes and antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food products in Algeria

Titouche

Houali

Ruiz-Ripa

et al. 2020

J. Appl. Microbiol.

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“…In any case, the mecC -MRSA human prevalence detected in most of the studies was very low. Several studies did not identify any mecC -positive S. aureus among included human isolates/samples ( Table 2 ) [ 45 , 46 , 47 , 48 , 49 , 50 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 , 55 , 56 , 57 , 58 , 59 , 60 , 61 , 62 , 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ]. In studies in which this gene was detected ( Table 1 ), the prevalence identified, considering the total number of isolates/samples included, was < 1% in most of the cases [ 24 , 27 , 28 , 29 , 32 , 33 , 37 , 40 , 41 , 42 , 43 ], similar to that identified in the first study in which mecC was discovered (approximately 0.04%) [ 16 ].…”

Section: Detection Of Mecc -Mrsa Isolates In Humentioning

confidence: 99%

Human mecC-Carrying MRSA: Clinical Implications and Risk Factors

et al. 2020

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A new methicillin resistance gene, named mecC, was first described in 2011 in both humans and animals. Since then, this gene has been detected in different production and free-living animals and as an agent causing infections in some humans. The possible impact that these isolates can have in clinical settings remains unknown. The current available information about mecC-carrying methicillin resistant S. aureus (MRSA) isolates obtained from human samples was analyzed in order to establish its possible clinical implications as well as to determine the infection types associated with this resistance mechanism, the characteristics of these mecC-carrying isolates, their possible relation with animals and the presence of other risk factors. Until now, most human mecC-MRSA infections have been reported in Europe and mecC-MRSA isolates have been identified belonging to a small number of clonal complexes. Although the prevalence of mecC-MRSA human infections is very low and isolates usually contain few resistance (except for beta-lactams) and virulence genes, first isolates harboring important virulence genes or that are resistant to non-beta lactams have already been described. Moreover, severe and even fatal human infection cases have been detected. mecC-carrying MRSA should be taken into consideration in hospital, veterinary and food safety laboratories and in prevention strategies in order to avoid possible emerging health problems.

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Rapid detection of major enterotoxin genes and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw milk in the Yazd province, Iran

Forouzani‐Moghaddam,

Habibi,

Hosseini‐Safa

et al. 2024

Veterinary Medicine & Sci

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IntroductionRaw milk is a nutrient‐rich food, but it may harbour harmful bacteria, such as enterotoxigenic Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), which can cause staphylococcal food poisoning. Antibiotic resistance of S. aureus in raw milk can increase the risk of such infections, particularly among susceptible individuals.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the prevalence of enterotoxin genes a, d, g, i and j and the antibiotic resistance of S. aureus isolated from raw milk samples.MethodsDuring a 6‐month sampling period, 60 raw milk specimens were obtained from diverse locations in Yazd province, Iran. Antibiogram profiling was conducted via the disc diffusion method. In addition, staphylococcal enterotoxin (SE) genes a, d, g, i, and j were detected through real‐time PCR analysis.ResultsBacteriological assays confirmed the presence of S. aureus in 11 samples (18.3%). All isolates demonstrated 100% resistance to penicillin G but exhibited sensitivity to vancomycin, while resistance to other antibiotics ranged from 36.4% to 45.5%. The prevalence of enterotoxin genes in these strains showed variable distribution, with sea being the predominant SE (45.5%), followed by sed (36.4%), seg (18.2), sej and sei (9.1% each).ConclusionsThis study discovered the presence of multiple enterotoxins in S. aureus strains obtained from raw milk samples. These strains also demonstrated resistance to a variety of antibiotics. Since enterotoxigenic S. aureus is known to cause human food poisoning, monitoring food hygiene practices, especially during raw milk production, is critical.

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Staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in bulk tank milk, livestock and dairy-farm personnel in north-central and north-eastern Greece: Prevalence, characterization and genetic relatedness

Cited by 49 publications

References 71 publications

Enterotoxin genes and antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food products in Algeria

Enterotoxin genes and antimicrobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus isolated from food products in Algeria

Human mecC-Carrying MRSA: Clinical Implications and Risk Factors

Rapid detection of major enterotoxin genes and antibiotic resistance of Staphylococcus aureus isolated from raw milk in the Yazd province, Iran

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