Staphylococcemia 1931–1940. Five Hundred Patients

MacNeal, Ward J.; Frisbee, Frances C.; McRae, Margaret

doi:10.1093/ajcp/12.6.281

Cited by 20 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…aureus is one of the most common causes of bacteremia, with a high mortality rate of 65% to 70% in the pre-antibiotic era; currently, the 30-day mortality is 20% to 40%, despite adequate treatment. 28,29 Human skin is optimized to prevent the entrance of and colonization by S. aureus, the most common species of Staphylococcus found on the skin. However, S. aureus infections occur in skin compromised by diseases or wounds.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in pediatric patients: epidemiology and risk factors of a poor outcome

et al. 2020

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Objective: Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis (AHO) has declining incidence in developed countries. AHO can cause rapid destruction of bone that can lead to functional impairment or even death if misdiagnosed and not treated urgently. In this study, we aimed to identify the main factors that may lead to a poor outcome and to establish a profile of patients with AHO who might have a negative outcome. Methods: We conducted a retrospective single-center study including 94 patients with AHO, over a 10-year interval. Complete medical history including age at diagnosis, sex, socioeconomic status, symptoms, entry portal, pathogenic agent, location of infection, radiological features, treatment, and outcome were recorded. Results: Male predominance was observed, with boys from rural areas more prone to a poor outcome. This is likely because they are more exposed to trauma and do not have proper access to emergency medical care. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common etiologic agent, with 84 patients testing positive. Disease evolution was toward chronicity in patients diagnosed late. The most frequent complications were sepsis and pathological fractures. Conclusions: In our study, patients with negative outcomes were characterized by young age, repeated negative cultures, delayed surgery, rural residence, and male sex.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in pediatric patients: epidemiology and risk factors of a poor outcome

et al. 2020

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“…Working in New York, MacNeal and Frisbee 76 described their relatively successful treatment of staphylococcal bacteremia in 100 patients. MacNeal et al 77 subsequently reported very positive results in the cumulative treatment of 500 patients with staphylococcal bacteremia, using cocktails of phages that were lytic in vitro. More details of the early work on Staphylococcus are included in the sections on MRSA and on purulent infections under "Treatment of Specific Diseases", below.…”

Section: Phage Treatment Of Human Infectionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phage treatment of human infections

et al. 2011

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Phages as bactericidal agents have been employed for 90 years as a means of treating bacterial infections in humans as well as other species, a process known as phage therapy. In this review we explore both the early historical and more modern use of phages to treat human infections. We discuss in particular the little-reviewed French early work, along with the Polish, US, Georgian and Russian historical experiences. We also cover other, more modern examples of phage therapy of humans as differentiated in terms of disease. In addition, we provide discussions of phage safety, other aspects of phage therapy pharmacology, and the idea of phage use as probiotics.

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“…Krueger and Scribner's [53] subsequent review noted the data in staphylococcal infections, including the relatively successful treatment of staphylococcal bacteremia by Mac-Neal and Frisbee ( [54]; 100 patients) and others, but concluded that successful treatment with bacteriophages was due to "specific and nonspecific immunizing fractions of the crude lysate", rather than to the lytic action of phages and that "phage possesses no measurable degree of therapeutic superiority over properly prepared vaccines and toxoid." MacNeal et al [55] subsequently reported the cumulative treatment of 500 patients with staphylococcal bacteremia, using cocktails of phage that were lytic in vitro. Dubos [15] reported in vivo lysis of bacteria with multiplication of bacteriophage as protective against experimental infection with Shigella dysenteriae, (see Fig.…”

Section: Historical Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phage Therapy in Clinical Practice: Treatment of Human Infections

Kutter

Vos²,

Gvasalia³

et al. 2010

CPB

586

476

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Phage therapy is the application of bacteria-specific viruses with the goal of reducing or eliminating pathogenic or nuisance bacteria. While phage therapy has become a broadly relevant technology, including veterinary, agricultural, and food microbiology applications, it is for the treatment or prevention of human infections that phage therapy first caught the world's imagination--see, especially, Arrowsmith by Sinclair Lewis (1925)--and which today is the primary motivator of the field. Nonetheless, though the first human phage therapy took place in the 1920s, by the 1940s the field, was in steep decline despite early promise. The causes were at least three-fold: insufficient understanding among researchers of basic phage biology; over exuberance, which led, along with ignorance, to carelessness; and the advent of antibiotics, an easier to handle as well as highly powerful category of antibacterials. The decline in phage therapy was neither uniform nor complete, especially in the former Soviet Republic of Georgia, where phage therapy traditions and practice continue to this day. In this review we strive toward three goals: 1. To provide an overview of the potential of phage therapy as a means of treating or preventing human diseases; 2. To explore the phage therapy state of the art as currently practiced by physicians in various pockets of phage therapy activity around the world, including in terms of potential commercialization; and 3. To avert a recapitulation of phage therapy's early decline by outlining good practices in phage therapy practice, experimentation, and, ultimately, commercialization.

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Staphylococcemia 1931–1940. Five Hundred Patients

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in pediatric patients: epidemiology and risk factors of a poor outcome

Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis in pediatric patients: epidemiology and risk factors of a poor outcome

Phage treatment of human infections

Phage Therapy in Clinical Practice: Treatment of Human Infections

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