Staphylococccus aureus Bloodstream Infections in Latin America: Results of a Large Multinational Cohort Study

Seas, Carlos; García, Coralith; Salles, Mauro Costa; Labarca, Jaime; Luna, Carlos M.; Mejía, Carlos; Zurita, Jeannnete; Guzmán-Blanco, Manuel; Rodríguez-Noriega, Eduardo; Reyes, Jinnethe; Arias, Cesar; Cárcamo, César; Gotuzzo, Eduardo

doi:10.1093/ofid/ofv133.562

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…This study compared the impact of five disinfectants frequently used to reduce bacterial load on NCs. S. aureus was selected as the test organism because this pathogen is one of the most common causes of bloodstream infections globally (7) . In fact, S. aureus imposes an important healthcare burden, particularly in low-resource countries (6,7) .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…S. aureus was selected as the test organism because this pathogen is one of the most common causes of bloodstream infections globally (7) . In fact, S. aureus imposes an important healthcare burden, particularly in low-resource countries (6,7) . Despite the adoption of 70% IPA single-use cap by some Brazilian institutions, liquid disinfectants are still used in most public hospitals to scrub NCs due to their low cost.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Disinfection of Needleless Connectors to Reduce Staphylococcus aureus Bacterial Load

Rocha

Rickard

Gales

et al. 2022

Journal of the Association for Vascular Access

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Highlights Abstract Purpose: This study aimed to gain further knowledge about the comparative effectiveness of chemical disinfectants in reducing the bacterial load of NCs inoculated with S. aureus. Methods: Disinfection of needleless connectors was undertaken in vitro against Staphylococcus aureus comparing 70% isopropyl alcohol (IPA), 70% ethanol, 0.5% and 2% chlorhexidine in 70% IPA applied with gauze, and 70% IPA single-use cap (Site-Scrub®). Results: All disinfectants reduced the bacterial load (P < 0.001), especially the chlorhexidine solutions. Mechanical friction should follow guidelines. Conclusion: This study found that all tested disinfectants effectively reduced the bacterial load and more clinical studies must be developed with a focus on the Brazilian clinical practice of needleless connector disinfection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Disinfection of Needleless Connectors to Reduce Staphylococcus aureus Bacterial Load

Rocha

Rickard

Gales

et al. 2022

Journal of the Association for Vascular Access

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“…10 In a prospective Latin-American study that included a cohort of 675 patients enrolled between 2011 and 2014 in hospitals across nine countries of the region, MSSA were responsible for a substantial number (53.7%) of cases of bacteremia. 11 Aggregated data from the Colombian National Health Institute indicates that S. aureus is the fourth and third most common pathogens causing hospital-associated and ICU-related infections, respectively. 12 MSSA accounted for 66% of the infections in the Colombian ICUs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of the Cefazolin Inoculum Effect (CzIE) in Nasal Colonizing Methicillin-SusceptibleStaphylococcus aureusin Patients from Intensive Care Units in Colombia and Use of a Modified Rapid Nitrocefin Test for Detection

Carvajal,

Rincon,

Gomez-Villegas

et al. 2024

Preprint

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The cefazolin inoculum effect (CzIE) has been associated with poor clinical outcomes in patients with MSSA infections. We aimed to investigate the point prevalence of the CzIE among nasal colonizing MSSA isolates from ICU patients in a multicenter study in Colombia (2019-2023). Patients underwent nasal swabs to assess forS. aureuscolonization on admission to the ICU and some individuals had follow-up swabs. We performed cefazolin MIC by broth-microdilution using standard and high-inoculum and developed a modified nitrocefin-based rapid test to detect the CzIE. Whole genome sequencing was carried out to characterize BlaZ types and allotypes, phylogenomics and Agr-typing. All swabs were subjected to 16S-rRNA metabarcoding sequencing to evaluate microbiome characteristics associated with the CzIE. A total of 352 patients were included; 46/352 (13%) patients were colonized withS. aureus; 22% (10/46) and 78% (36/46) with MRSA and MSSA, respectively. Among 36 patients that contributed with 43 MSSA colonizing isolates, 21/36 (58%) had MSSA exhibiting the CzIE. BlaZ type A and BlaZ-2 were the predominant type and allotype in 56% and 52%, respectively. MSSA belonging to CC30 were highly associated with the CzIE and SNP analyses supported transmission of MSSA exhibiting the CzIE among some patients of the same unit. The modified nitrocefin rapid test had 100%, 94.4% and 97.7% sensitivity, specificity and accuracy, respectively. We found a high prevalence point prevalence of the CzIE in MSSA colonizing the nares of critically-ill patients in Colombia. A modified rapid test was highly accurate in detecting the CzIE in this patient population.

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Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates from broilers and pigs in Thailand

Phongaran

Khang-Air

2019

Vet World

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Aim: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance pattern of Salmonella spp., and the genetic relatedness between isolates from broilers and pigs at slaughterhouses in Thailand. Materials and Methods: Fecal samples (604 broilers and 562 pigs) were collected from slaughterhouses from April to July 2018. Salmonella spp. were isolated and identified according to the ISO 6579:2002. Salmonella-positive isolates were identified using serotyping and challenged with nine antimicrobial agents: Amoxicillin/clavulanate (AMC, 30 μg), ampicillin (AMP, 10 μg), ceftazidime (30 μg), chloramphenicol (30 μg), ciprofloxacin (CIP, 5 μg), nalidixic acid (NAL, 30 μg), norfloxacin (10 μg), trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (SXT, 25 μg), and tetracycline (TET, 30 μg). Isolates of the predominant serovar Salmonella Typhimurium were examined for genetic relatedness using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). Results: Salmonella was detected in 18.05% of broiler isolates and 37.54% of pig isolates. The most common serovars were Kentucky, Give, and Typhimurium in broilers and Rissen, Typhimurium, and Weltevreden in pigs. Among broilers, isolates were most commonly resistant to antibiotics, NAL, AMP, TET, AMC, and CIP. Pig isolates most commonly exhibited antimicrobial resistance against AMP, TET, and SXT. Based on PFGE results among 52 S. Typhimurium isolates from broilers and pigs, a high genetic relatedness between broiler and pig isolates (85% similarity) in Cluster A and C from PFGE result was identified. Conclusion: The results revealed high cross-contamination between these two animal species across various provinces in Thailand. Keywords: antimicrobial resistance, broilers, pigs, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, Salmonella spp.

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Staphylococccus aureus Bloodstream Infections in Latin America: Results of a Large Multinational Cohort Study

Cited by 3 publications

References 0 publications

Disinfection of Needleless Connectors to Reduce Staphylococcus aureus Bacterial Load

Disinfection of Needleless Connectors to Reduce Staphylococcus aureus Bacterial Load

Prevalence of the Cefazolin Inoculum Effect (CzIE) in Nasal Colonizing Methicillin-SusceptibleStaphylococcus aureusin Patients from Intensive Care Units in Colombia and Use of a Modified Rapid Nitrocefin Test for Detection

Molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates from broilers and pigs in Thailand

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