Mastitis is an inflammation of mammary gland, that are important in milking breed as well in meat ones. It is associated with serious reduction in milk production and quality, lambs weight gain reduction and mortality The goal of this work was determine the major etiologic agents of goat and sheep mastitis, as well as antimicrobial drug-resistance patterns and the agreement between two different diagnostic tools. We visit 25 goat, sheep, and goat and sheep farms in Pernambuco and Bahia State, and a total of 439 goats and 76 sheep milk samples were collected. To diagnose of small ruminant mastitis were compared two tests: Milk culture and California Mastitis Test (CMT). The bacterial drug-resistance pattern was determined by Kirby Bauer test. Staphylococcus spp. was the most frequent bacteria isolated from goat and sheep mastitis cases. Streptococcus spp., Corynebacterium spp. and gram-negative bacilli were isolated. It was possible to observe the high sensitivity to antimicrobial drugs in all tested bacteria, being the lower sensitivity percentage determined to nalidixic acid. Considering caprine mastitis diagnostic the comparative analysis between microbiologic culture and shown a concordance degree of K=0,17, although to ovine species these value was K=0,22. The use of CMT to subclinical mastitis diagnostic in goat and ewes must be associated to milk bacterial culture.INDEX TERMS: Pathogens, antimicrobial sensitivity, diagnostic, mastitis.RESUMO.-A mastite é a inflamação da glândula mamária que acomete raças de aptidão leiteira como também aquelas voltadas para produção de carne. Esta enfermidade ocasiona sérias alterações na produção de leite e na sua qualidade, redução no ganho de peso e mortalidade de cordeiros. O presente estudo teve por objetivo conhecer os principais agentes causadores de mastite em ovinos e caprinos, bem como a sua susceptibilidade aos agentes antimicrobianos, além de avaliar o grau de concordância entre testes diagnósticos. Aceito para publicação em 12 de abril de 2010.