Staphylococcal Nuclease Domain-Containing Protein 1 as a Potential Tissue Marker for Prostate Cancer

Kuruma, Hidetoshi; Kamata, Yuko; Takahashi, Hiroyuki; Igarashi, Koji; Kimura, Takahiro; Miki, Kenta; Miki, Jun; Sasaki, Hiroshi; Hayashi, Norihiro; Egawa, Shin

doi:10.2353/ajpath.2009.080776

Cited by 67 publications

(55 citation statements)

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“…42 Interestingly, similar to SAM68, SND1 is also upregulated in PCa, where the expression of the protein correlates with poor prognosis. 43 In this study, we characterized the interaction between SAM68 and SND1 biochemically and functionally and found that SND1 regulates AS of the variable exons of the CD44 receptor in a SAM68-dependent manner. Moreover, we show that the upregulation of SND1, similar to SAM68, promotes PCa cell migration.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

“…47,49,53 Previous data indicated that silencing of SND1 by small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) causes a significant decrease in PC3 cell growth. 43 As SAM68 was also shown to exert the same effect in the less-aggressive LNCaP cell line, 29 we first asked whether SND1 and SAM68 cooperate in supporting PCa cell proliferation. Transient knockdown of SND1 and SAM68 by RNAi in PC3 cells efficiently reduced the expression levels of both proteins at 48 h after transfection (Supplementary Figure S6A).…”

Section: Snd1 and Alternative Splicing M Cappellari Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

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The transcriptional co-activator SND1 is a novel regulator of alternative splicing in prostate cancer cells

et al. 2013

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Splicing abnormalities have profound impact in human cancer. Several splicing factors, including SAM68, have pro-oncogenic functions, and their increased expression often correlates with human cancer development and progression. Herein, we have identified using mass spectrometry proteins that interact with endogenous SAM68 in prostate cancer (PCa) cells. Among other interesting proteins, we have characterized the interaction of SAM68 with SND1, a transcriptional co-activator that binds spliceosome components, thus coupling transcription and splicing. We found that both SAM68 and SND1 are upregulated in PCa cells with respect to benign prostate cells. Upregulation of SND1 exerts a synergic effect with SAM68 on exon v5 inclusion in the CD44 mRNA. The effect of SND1 on CD44 splicing required SAM68, as it was compromised after knockdown of this protein or mutation of the SAM68-binding sites in the CD44 pre-mRNA. More generally, we found that SND1 promotes the inclusion of CD44 variable exons by recruiting SAM68 and spliceosomal components on CD44 pre-mRNA. Inclusion of the variable exons in CD44 correlates with increased proliferation, motility and invasiveness of cancer cells. Strikingly, we found that knockdown of SND1, or SAM68, reduced proliferation and migration of PCa cells. Thus, our findings strongly suggest that SND1 is a novel regulator of alternative splicing that promotes PCa cell growth and survival.Oncogene advance online publication, 2 September 2013; doi:10.1038/onc.2013.360Keywords: alternative splicing; SND1; SAM68; CD44; prostate cancer INTRODUCTION Nuclear processing of pre-mRNAs requires tightly regulated steps that ultimately yield a mature and functional mRNA. Splicing is the step that insures the removal of long non-coding sequences (introns) from the pre-mRNA and the joining of the exons. This phenomenon is driven by a large macromolecular complex, the spliceosome, composed of five small nuclear ribonucleoproteins (snRNPs) and over 200 auxiliary proteins. 1 In higher eukaryotes, a large number of exons can be alternatively spliced to yield different transcripts from a single gene, thereby increasing the coding potential of the genome. 2,3 Indeed, the large majority of multi-exon human genes undergo alternative splicing (AS) to produce at least two mRNA variants. 4,5 As regulation of AS profoundly influences physiological and pathological processes, 3,6 the full comprehension of the molecular mechanisms regulating this step of pre-mRNA processing is of fundamental importance.Splicing is physically and functionally coupled to transcription. 7-10 Two models have been proposed for how transcription might affect changes in AS patterns. The 'recruitment model' suggests that the transcription apparatus physically interacts with splicing regulators, thereby affecting splicing decisions. The C-terminal domain (CTD) of the largest subunit of the RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) has a central role in this coupling process by favoring the recruitment of RNA processing factors on the nascent transcripts. 9,10 ...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Snd1 and Alternative Splicing M Cappellari Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

The transcriptional co-activator SND1 is a novel regulator of alternative splicing in prostate cancer cells

et al. 2013

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“…Because the levels of APC mRNA was not affected by SND1, it was speculated that SND1 downregulated APC protein translation by affecting RISC activity (Tsuchiya and Nakagama, 2010). SND1 has been shown to be highly expressed in recurrent androgeninsensitive prostate cancer tissues using high molecularweight proteomic analysis, and SND1 knock-down with small interfering RNA (siRNA) resulted in a significant decrease in cell growth (Kuruma et al, 2009). SND1 is also considered as a novel marker for breast cancer metastasis, which could promote tumor metastasis through interacting with Metadherin (MTDH) (Blanco et al, 2011).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…SND1 has also been reported as one of the components of the RNA-induced silencing complex (RISC), which mediates gene silencing (Caudy et al, 2003). In addition, increased expression of SND1 has been found to be associated with colon cancer (Tsuchiya et al, 2007), breast cancer (Ho et al, 2009), prostate cancer (Kuruma et al, 2009), and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) (Yoo et al, 2011). Even though previous studies have shown that SND1 can facilitate tumor growth and metastasis, the exact mechanisms underlying these processes are still unclear.…”

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confidence: 99%

SND1 Affects Proliferation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line SMMC‐7721 by Regulating IGFBP3 Expression

Yin

Jing

Huang

et al. 2013

The Anatomical Record

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Staphylococcal nuclease domain containing 1 (SND1) is a ubiquitously expressed multifunctional protein involved in transcriptional regulation, RNA splicing and RNA metabolism. Ectopic expression of SND1 has been observed in various tumors including colon cancer, breast cancer, prostate cancer and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), indicating a positive role of SND1 in tumor initiation and progression. However, the exact role of SND1 in cancers has not been thoroughly investigated. In the present study, we investigated the role of SND1 in HCC. Immunohistochemistry analysis revealed that the expression level of SND1 was higher in HCC tissues than in adjacent nontumor tissues. Stable knockdown of SND1, performed on the HCC cell line SMMC-7721 using shRNA lentiviral expression system, led to reduced cell proliferation, clone formation and tumor formation in nude mice. The insulin-like growth factor (IGF) signaling pathway was frequently dysregulated in HCC, which could facilitate tumor progression. Screening of gene expression levels of the IGF pathway, using real-time PCR, revealed that a decrease in SND1 expression could increase the expression of IGF-binding protein 3 (IGFBP3), which can negatively regulate activation of the IGF pathway by restricting interactions between IGF and IGF receptors. Results from previous studies showed that the downregulation of IGFBP3 expression is Additional Supporting Information may be found in the online version of this article.Jie Yin and Jianmin Ding contributed equally to this work.

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“…Thus, p100 is a potential regulator in the TGF-b signaling pathway. Considering the roles of Smad1-4, Smurf2, TGFb1I1 and TGIF1 in the TGF-b signaling pathway and recent studies demonstrating that p100 upregulation is related to breast cancer, 10 prostate cancer 11 and colon cancer, 12 further understanding of p100 in the regulation of the TGF-b pathway may help elucidate the underlying mechanisms of tumorigenesis. …”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of p100 target promoters by chromatin immunoprecipitation-guided ligation and selection (ChIP-GLAS)

Liu¹,

Dong²,

Zhang³

et al. 2010

Cell Mol Immunol

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The multifunctional protein p100 is a vital transcriptional regulator that increases gene transcription by forming a physical bridge between promoter-specific transcription factors and the basal transcription machinery. To identify potential signal transduction pathways in which human p100 acts as a coregulator and to find target promoter regions that may interact with p100, we performed a promoter microarray assay called chromatin immunoprecipitation-guided ligation and selection (ChIP-GLAS). From this assay, we determined that a set of promoter fragments, including several factors in the transforming growth factor beta (TGF-b) signaling pathway, exhibited interaction with p100. The ChIP-GLAS data were validated by RT-PCR assessing the mRNA expression of various factors in the TGF-b signaling pathway in cell lines.

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Staphylococcal Nuclease Domain-Containing Protein 1 as a Potential Tissue Marker for Prostate Cancer

Cited by 67 publications

References 17 publications

The transcriptional co-activator SND1 is a novel regulator of alternative splicing in prostate cancer cells

The transcriptional co-activator SND1 is a novel regulator of alternative splicing in prostate cancer cells

SND1 Affects Proliferation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line SMMC‐7721 by Regulating IGFBP3 Expression

Identification of p100 target promoters by chromatin immunoprecipitation-guided ligation and selection (ChIP-GLAS)

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