Staphylococcal Infection in a Medical Ward

Shooter, R. A.; Girling, J. A.; Matthias, J. Q.; Williams, R. E. O.

doi:10.1136/bmj.1.5190.1923

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Our studies of the sleeping quarters showed no evidence of cross-infection as a cause of lesions, nor of transfer of nasal strains. This experience is similar to that of Shooter, Girling, Matthias & Williams (1960) in medical wards and of Goslings & Buchli (1958) and Dowling, Lepper & Jackson (1953) in families. Roodyn (1960a) on the other hand was able to demonstrate spread of infection in families but his observations were made over much longer periods than ours.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Staphylococcal disease and nasal carriage in the Royal Air Force

Miller¹,

McDonald²,

Jevons³

et al. 1962

Epidemiol. Infect.

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1. The nasal carriage of Staph. aureus and its relation to disease was studied in new recruits, boy apprentices and trained men of the Royal Air Force.2. The proportions of Staph. aureus that were penicillin-resistant ranged from 15% in new recruits to 29% in trained men. In a school for apprentices the rate in new arrivals was 18%, and 23% for boys after the initial training. We were unable to find when these changes occurred.3. 31% of strains isolated from septic lesions were penicillin-resistant and the rate was similar in all types of unit. Resistant strains were not apparently more virulent than sensitive strains.4. About 1% of all strains isolated were resistant to tetracycline and streptomycin and much smaller proportions to chloramphenicol and erythromycin.5. The phage-group distribution was similar for nasal and lesion strains, but nearly half the penicillin-resistant lesion strains belonged to Group I, and types 52A and 3C/55/71 were much commoner in lesions than in the nose.6. Penicillin-resistant strains were more readily acquired and more rapidly lost than the sensitive strains.7. Nasal carriers suffered from septic lesions more frequently than non-carriers, and those with a lesion tended to suffer further lesions. There was no evidence of cross-infection among bedroom contacts.8. The proportion of penicillin-resistant strains rose from 30 to 40% between admission to and discharge from service hospitals. Resistant strains were not carried for long after discharge.9. Penicillin treatment resulted in a fall in the total carrier rate and a rise in the resistance rate. Phage type analysis showed that this was mainly due to elimination of sensitive strains and recolonization with resistant strains.We are greatly indebted to Miss Susan Green for the large amount of work that she did in the laboratory. We should like to thank also many Royal Air Force medical officers for their assistance, in particular Wing Commander E. S. Odbert, Wing Commander M. White, Squadron Leader M. Shearer and Flight Lieutenant A. J. Zuckerman; and the Director-General of the Royal Air Force Medical Services for permission to publish the results.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 78%

Staphylococcal disease and nasal carriage in the Royal Air Force

Miller¹,

McDonald²,

Jevons³

et al. 1962

Epidemiol. Infect.

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“…This literature was well summarized just before the advent of data abstraction. 233,234 In recent times, tea tree preparations have also been assessed in a double-blind controlled comparison with mupirocin and have been found to be disappointing in the nose, although slightly more promising at skin sites. 235 Considerable reliance has been placed in the past on eradication therapy and the use of mupirocin in the control of epidemic, if not endemic, MRSA.…”

Section: Elimination Of Carriagementioning

confidence: 99%

Guidelines for the prophylaxis and treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in the UK

Gemmell

Edwards²,

Fraise³

et al. 2006

Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy

347

208

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These evidence-based guidelines have been produced after a literature review of the treatment and prophylaxis of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection. The guidelines were further informed by antibiotic susceptibility data on MRSA from the UK. Recommendations are given for the treatment of common infections caused by MRSA, elimination of MRSA from carriage sites and prophylaxis of surgical site infection. There are several antibiotics currently available that are suitable for use in the management of this problem and potentially useful new agents are continuing to emerge.

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“…During investigations of staphylococcal sepsis at St. Bartholomew's Hospital the patients admitted to one medical and three surgical wards were examined for nasal carriage of staphylococci on admission and thereafter at weekly intervals (Shooter, Girling, Matthias, and Williams, 1960;Williams, Noble, Jevons, Lidwell, Shooter, White, Thom, and Taylor, 1962). This extensive material, which was obtained over a period of four years, seemed to offer a chance of filling some of the gaps in our knowledge of the factors relating to staphylococcal nasal carriage, and this paper presents the results of analyses in terms of age, length of stay in hospital, antibiotic treatment, and previous admission to hospital.…”

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confidence: 99%

Some aspects of nasal carriage of staphylococci

Noble¹,

Williams²,

Jevons³

et al. 1964

Journal of Clinical Pathology

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SYNOPSISThe nasal carrier status of 3,736 patients was determined throughout their stay in hospital. The carrier rate on admission, which was highest in patients under 20 years of age, did not appear to vary with season.The carriage of strains resistant to penicillin increased with the patients' stay in hospital from 13-8 % on admission to 20 5 % on discharge, and the acquisition of these strains was enhanced by the administration of antibiotics.Patients discharged from hospital carrying strains of staphylococci acquired in hospital lost them more readily than patients discharged carrying the strain which they had carried on admission, 31 % of those discharged carrying strains resistant to penicillin and tetracycline being readmitted carrying these strains compared with 69 % of those discharged carrying strains sensitive to these antibiotics. METHODSNasal swabs were taken from the anterior nares using cotton-tipped swabs which were inoculated on to serum agar plates containing 0-01 % phenolphthalein phosphate (Barber and Kuper, 1951

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Staphylococcal Infection in a Medical Ward

Cited by 8 publications

References 2 publications

Staphylococcal disease and nasal carriage in the Royal Air Force

Staphylococcal disease and nasal carriage in the Royal Air Force

Guidelines for the prophylaxis and treatment of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections in the UK

Some aspects of nasal carriage of staphylococci

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