Staphylococcal Enterotoxin: Production Methods

Surgalla, Michael J.; Kadavy, J. L.; Bergdoll, Merlin S.; Dack, G. M.

doi:10.1093/infdis/89.2.180

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

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“…Protection against 2 vomiting doses of the homologous enterotoxin was demonstrated with 0.3 ml. of serum obtained 10 ence of a distinguishing antigen common to enterotoxic strains might permit the development of a test for the detection and assay of this toxin. A slight modification of the Petri-dish agar diffusion method of Ouchterlony (14,15) for the qualitative analysis of soluble antigens and antibodies was used for this purpose.…”

Section: Demonstration Of Antigenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Serologic Studies of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin

Ep¹

1958

Public Health Reports (1896-1970)

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'HE NEED for a simple and specific technique for demonstrating and assaying staphylococcal enterotoxin has been recognized for a long time. Research efforts ranging from biological tests with small and relatively cheap animals (1, 2) to extensive chemical and serologic studies of enterotoxin (3) have not attained this important objective.The many contradictory reports found in the literature (4) on staphylococcal enterotoxin are evidence of the inadequacy of the crude, difficult, and impractical tests that are available for its detection. Evidence incriminating suspected foods in outbreaks of staphylococcal food poisoning is largely circumstantial and is limited to the use of epidemiological findings and the demonstration of the presence in the suspected food of appreciable numbers of enterotoxin-producing staphylococci. The very ubiquity of the staphylococcus and, conversely, the possibility of the presence of the heatresistant enterotoxin in foods which no longer contain viable staphylococci, detract considerably from the value of such procedures.Furthermore, the demonstration of enterotoxigenicity of the isolated staphylococcus involves considerable effort. The isolated organism must be cultured on special media in order to produce the enterotoxin, and the presence of the latter is determined by the feeding of monkeys or the parenteral introduction of the culture filtrates into monkeys or cats.

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Section: Demonstration Of Antigenicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Serologic Studies of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin

Ep¹

1958

Public Health Reports (1896-1970)

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“…The determination of the nature of the enterotoxic principle that is produced by specific strains of staphylococci, and of the mechanism whereby it induces the severe vomiting that is its most conspicuous effect in susceptible animals, has been handicapped by lack of a wholly suitable indicator test or method of assay (23, 25,26). Human volunteers, rhesus monl;eys (Macaca nzz~llata), and young cats have been the preferred test animals to date.…”

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confidence: 99%

“…Humans and monl;eys have been reported to be highly variable in their response to the emetic principle (12,13,20,25) and neither of these subjects is readily available for test purposes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Studies With Staphylococcal Toxins: I. A Reappraisal of the Validity of the "Kitten Test" as an Indication of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin

Matheson¹,

Thatcher²

1955

Can. J. Microbiol.

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Under controlled conditions of maintenance and treatment of test cats, and with inducement of decisive vomiting as the criterion of enterotoxicity, the "Dolman kitten-test" has provided a high degree of positivity for the detection of an emetic principle in preparations from staphylococcal cultures. These conclusions are based on 315 individual cat injections. Under the conditions of these experiments and with the use of 133 control preparations, false positive reactions likely to cause confusion in normal determinative tests were not encountered.

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“…The presence of enterotoxin was also determined by feeding enterotoxin solutions (usually 50 ml) to young rhesus monkeys (Macaca muZaatta) by catheter (Bergdoll, Sugiyama andDack, 1953). The animals were observed for 5 h after feeding, and vomiting was accepted as a positive reaction for enterotoxin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The recovery of staphylococcal enterotoxin from bacterial culture supernatants by ion exchange

Bergdoll

Sugiyama

Dack

1961

Biotechnol. Bioeng.

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Summary. Amethod has been developed for the recovery of enterotoxin from bacterial culture supernatants of staphylococcus strain S-6 by use of t,he ion-exchange resin Amberlite XE-64 (IRC-50). The enterotoxin from 200 ml of bacterial culture supernatant diluted with one volume of water and adjusted to pH 6 can be removed with 1 g of resin pretreated with 0.02 M sodium phosphate, pH 6-2. The enterotoxin is recovered from the resin with 0.2 M sodium phosphate, pH 6.2, with subsequent precipitation with EtOH at -10"C, dialysis, and freeze drying. Partially purified preparations containing 1 emetic dose per 50pg were obt,ained.

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Staphylococcal Enterotoxin: Production Methods

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Serologic Studies of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin

Serologic Studies of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin

Studies With Staphylococcal Toxins: I. A Reappraisal of the Validity of the "Kitten Test" as an Indication of Staphylococcal Enterotoxin

The recovery of staphylococcal enterotoxin from bacterial culture supernatants by ion exchange

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