Staphylococcal Biofilm on the Surface of Catheters: Electron Microscopy Evaluation of the Inhibition of Biofilm Growth by RNAIII Inhibiting Peptide

Abstract

Staphylococcus aureus and coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) have become the main causative agents of medical device-related infections due to their biofilm-forming capability, which protects them from the host’s immune system and from the action of antimicrobials. This study evaluated the ability of RNA III inhibiting peptide (RIP) to inhibit biofilm formation in 10 strains isolated from clinical materials, including one S. aureus strain, two S. epidermidis, two S. haemolyticus, two S. lugdunensis, and one isolate each of the following species: S. warneri, S. hominis, and S. saprophyticus. The isolates were selected from a total of 200 strains evaluated regarding phenotypic biofilm production and the presence and expression of the ica operon. The isolates were cultured in trypticase soy broth with 2% glucose in 96-well polystyrene plates containing catheter segments in the presence and absence of RIP. The catheter segments were observed by scanning electron microscopy. The results showed inhibition of biofilm formation in the presence of RIP in all CoNS isolates; however, RIP did not interfere with biofilm formation by S. aureus. RIP is a promising tool that might be used in the future for the prevention of biofilm-related infections caused by CoNS.

Changes in the Ultrastructure of Staphylococcus aureus Cells Make It Possible to Identify and Analyze the Injuring Effects of Ciprofloxacin, Polycationic Amphiphile and Their Hybrid

“…An overnight culture of S. aureus in trypticase soy broth (TSB) (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) with 1% glucose was mixed with fresh TSB at a ratio of 1:50 and cultured until a cell concentration of 1 × 10 7 CFU/mL was reached (OD 595 = 0.1). Then, 2 mL of the resulting cell suspension were added to each well of 12-well plates with 3 mm thick layer of agar (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany), and incubated for 48 h at 37 °C (TSvL-80, Kasimov instrument plant, Kasimov, Russia) to form biofilms, as advised in [ 24 ]. The ciprofloxacin, or DL 4 12, or DL 5 Cip6 were added to the wells in 1 mL of TSB, the final concentration of the compounds was 0.1 mM and 0.5 mM.…”

Design, synthesis, and evaluation of 1,4-benzothiazine-3-one containing bisamide derivatives as dual inhibitors of Staphylococcus aureus with plausible application in a urinary catheter

“…Staphylococcus aureus , a Gram-positive bacterium that is mostly located in the upper respiratory tract and skin of healthy humans, is the major cause of nosocomial infection and is associated with significant mortality among hospitalized patients ( Willekens et al, 2021 ). The major issue regarding S. aureus is its ability to form biofilms and grow on the surface of medical equipment like urinary catheters, which further increases the chances of infection among immune-compromised patients ( de Oliveira et al, 2021 ). Catheter-associated UTIs (CAUTIs) are among the most frequent types of hospital-acquired infections and uropathogens like S. aureus ( Walker et al, 2017 ).…”

Targeting the Achilles’ Heel of Multidrug-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus by the Endocannabinoid Anandamide

“…It can cause mild infections on skin and soft tissues, but it can also develop into more serious and even life-threatening infections such as sepsis, pneumonia, osteomyelitis, and endocarditis [ 4 ]. S. aureus infections frequently involve biofilm formation on biotic materials such as skin, soft tissues, connective tissue, cardiac valves, and mucus [ 1 , 5 , 6 ], but can also form biofilms on abiotic medical devices such as prosthesis, catheters, implants, and stents [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 ]. Infections caused by S. aureus are often difficult to treat due to the bacteria’s rapid acquisition of various antibiotic-resistant mechanisms [ 3 , 11 , 12 , 13 , 14 ].…”