Staphylococcal Alpha-Toxin: Effects on Artificial Lipid Spherules

Weissmann, Gerald; Sessa, Grazia; Bernheimer, Alan W.

doi:10.1126/science.154.3750.772

Cited by 60 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(1 reference statement)

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“…Previous studies (Weissmann, Sessa & Bernheimer, 1966 ;Freer, Arbuthnott & Bernheimer, 1968) on the activity of this cytolytic toxin against artificial lipid membranes (liposomes), consisting of lecithin, cholesterol and charged fatty acid derivatives, showed the following : (i) disruption of the lamellar structure and release of sequestered marker molecules; (ii) appearance on membrane surfaces of ring structures morphologically identical with a,,,; and (iii) disappearance of toxic activity. Similar effects have been observed following the interaction of staphylococcal a-toxin with mammalian erythrocytes (Freer et al I 968).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Lipid-induced Polymerization of Staphylococcal -Toxin

Arbuthnott

Freer

Billcliffe

1973

Journal of General Microbiology

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The ability of certain lipids to induce polymerization of staphylococcal a-toxin has been investigated using polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulphate to monitor conversion of the monomeric form of a-toxin (molecular weight = 36 000) to the al,, aggregate. The widely differing lipids varied in the order diglyceride > lecithin > cholesterol > lysolecithin in polymerinducing activity. No individual component was as efficient as a mixed dispersion of lecithin, cholesterol and dicetyl phosphate (molar ratio 70 : I o : 20) in inducing polymerization. In general our observations indicate that there is no specific lipid inducer and that the outcome of the interaction between staphylococcal a-toxin and biological membranes probably depends on the location of lipids in the membrane and their distribution in relation to one another. Also the results with diglyceride confirm our earlier suggestion that a-toxin can react hydrophobically with lipids.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Lipid-induced Polymerization of Staphylococcal -Toxin

Arbuthnott

Freer

Billcliffe

1973

Journal of General Microbiology

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“…demonstrated that streptolysin-S, a streptococcal hemolytic exotoxin, modulated cation permeability of multilamellar 150 nm liposomes [94]. The concept was further examined in a subsequent study in which staphylococcal α-toxin was found to increase ion permeability of liposomes [95]. Following these early studies, liposomes were frequently used to examine the mechanisms and properties of different membrane-active toxins.…”

Section: Cell-membrane Mimicking Nanoparticles For Toxin Neutralizmentioning

confidence: 99%

Engineered nanoparticles mimicking cell membranes for toxin neutralization

Fang

Luk

et al. 2015

Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews

119

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Protein toxins secreted from pathogenic bacteria and venomous animals rely on multiple mechanisms to overcome the cell membrane barrier to inflict their virulence effect. A promising therapeutic concept toward developing a broadly applicable anti-toxin platform is to administer cell membrane mimics as decoys to sequester these virulence factors. As such, lipid membrane-based nanoparticulates are an ideal candidate given their structural similarity to cellular membranes. This article reviews the virulence mechanisms employed by toxins at the cell membrane interface and highlights the application of cell-membrane mimicking nanoparticles as toxin decoys for systemic detoxification. In addition, the implication of particle/toxin nanocomplexes in the development of toxoid vaccines is discussed.

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“…Such examples include the membrane attack complex of complement (163), the mellitin component of bee venom (245), and bacterial toxins (239) . He also mentions instances in which proteins may have been assembled asymmetrically into phospholipid bilayers of vesicles formed during membrane reconstitution experiments.…”

Section: Posttranslational Transfer Of Polypeptides To Their Sites Ofmentioning

confidence: 99%