Standoff Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Explosives

Marcus, Logan S.; Holthoff, Ellen L.; Pellegrino, Paul M.

doi:10.1177/0003702816654168

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…A research group at the U.S. Army Research Laboratory (ARL) has been focused on the research of laser interferometer-based PAS sensor used for standoff hazardous materials detection [150][151][152][153]. The simplified schematic diagram of their PAS sensor setup is shown in Figure 6, the components remain basically the same with the exception of a laser Doppler vibrometer (LDV) that replaces the traditional microphone.…”

Section: Standoff Laser Interferometer-based Lpasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standoff Chemical Detection Using Laser Absorption Spectroscopy: A Review

et al. 2020

Remote Sensing

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Remote chemical detection in the atmosphere or some specific space has always been of great interest in many applications for environmental protection and safety. Laser absorption spectroscopy (LAS) is a highly desirable technology, benefiting from high measurement sensitivity, improved spectral selectivity or resolution, fast response and capability of good spatial resolution, multi-species and standoff detection with a non-cooperative target. Numerous LAS-based standoff detection techniques have seen rapid development recently and are reviewed herein, including differential absorption LiDAR, tunable laser absorption spectroscopy, laser photoacoustic spectroscopy, dual comb spectroscopy, laser heterodyne radiometry and active coherent laser absorption spectroscopy. An update of the current status of these various methods is presented, covering their principles, system compositions, features, developments and applications for standoff chemical detection over the last decade. In addition, a performance comparison together with the challenges and opportunities analysis is presented that describes the broad LAS-based techniques within the framework of remote sensing research and their directions of development for meeting potential practical use.

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Section: Standoff Laser Interferometer-based Lpasmentioning

confidence: 99%

Standoff Chemical Detection Using Laser Absorption Spectroscopy: A Review

et al. 2020

Remote Sensing

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“…We look to a model of the photoacoustic effect to confirm the relative substrate differences. 12 For this work, a summary of the theoretical underpinnings and origins will suffice. The model is built starting with the equation for heat conduction in solids and a periodic heat source related to the amount of absorption the periodic excitation source generates.…”

Section: Substrate Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…When calculating the thermoelastic response of the layered system, the model requires a simplifying assumption that the heated spot size is much smaller than the dimensions of the substrate under investigation. 12,14 We will see in the next section that this assumption neglects any modal effects. The model performs well, demonstrating the order of magnitude differences in expected signal between the three substrates arising from the different physical properties of the substrates.…”

Section: Substrate Absorptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photoacoustic chemical sensing: layered systems and excitation source analysis

2015

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Photoacoustic spectroscopy (PAS) is a versatile tool that is well suited for the ranged interrogation of layered samples. We have previously demonstrated standoff photoacoustic (PA) chemical detection of condensed phase samples at one meter distance using an interferometric sensing platform. Current research investigates layered solid samples constructed from a thin layer of energetic material deposited on a substrate. The PA signal from the system, as measured by the interferometer, changes based on the differing optical and mechanical properties of the substrate. This signal variance must be understood in order to develop a sensor capable of detecting trace quantities of hazardous materials independent of the surface. Optical absorption and modal excitation are the two biggest sources of PA signal generated in the sample/substrate system. Finally, the mode of operation of the excitation source is investigated. Most PA sensing paradigms use a quantum cascade laser (QCL) operating in either pulsed or modulated CW mode. We will discuss photoacoustic signal generation with respect to these different operating modes.

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“…Due to the importance of rapid, automatic, and non-contact detection of explosives for homeland security and environmental safety [8], a variety of spectroscopic technologies have been employed to detect trace quantities of explosives; for example, terahertz (THz) spectroscopy [9,10], laser induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) [11,12,13,14,15,16], Raman spectroscopy [17,18,19,20,21,22], ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) [23,24,25,26], nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [27,28,29,30], nuclear quadrupole resonance (NQR) [31,32,33], laser-induced thermal emissions (LITE) [34,35], infrared (IR) spectroscopy [36,37,38], mass spectrometry [39,40,41,42,43,44,45,46], optical emission spectroscopy (OES) [47,48], photo-thermal infrared imaging spectroscopy (PT-IRIS) [49,50,51], photoacoustic techniques [52,53,54], FT-FIR spectroscopy [55], microwave [56], and millimeter-wave [57], etc. Various electromagnetic radiations such as X-ray [58] and γ rays [59] have also been employed in explosive detection.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recent Developments in Spectroscopic Techniques for the Detection of Explosives

et al. 2018

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Trace detection of explosives has been an ongoing challenge for decades and has become one of several critical problems in defense science; public safety; and global counter-terrorism. As a result, there is a growing interest in employing a wide variety of approaches to detect trace explosive residues. Spectroscopy-based techniques play an irreplaceable role for the detection of energetic substances due to the advantages of rapid, automatic, and non-contact. The present work provides a comprehensive review of the advances made over the past few years in the fields of the applications of terahertz (THz) spectroscopy; laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), Raman spectroscopy; and ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) for trace explosives detection. Furthermore, the advantages and limitations of various spectroscopy-based detection techniques are summarized. Finally, the future development for the detection of explosives is discussed.

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Standoff Photoacoustic Spectroscopy of Explosives

Cited by 20 publications

References 37 publications

Standoff Chemical Detection Using Laser Absorption Spectroscopy: A Review

Standoff Chemical Detection Using Laser Absorption Spectroscopy: A Review

Photoacoustic chemical sensing: layered systems and excitation source analysis

Recent Developments in Spectroscopic Techniques for the Detection of Explosives

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