Standing-up of a healthy subject and a paraplegic patient

Bajd, Tadej; Kralj, A.; Turk, R

doi:10.1016/0021-9290(82)90029-x

Cited by 108 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Whether using surface, percutaneous, or implanted FES electrodes, only very limited restoration of locomotor functions have been reported. Most authors report achieving useful function in the order of a few minutes to 30-60 minutes, for the restoration of standing, Kralj (1984), Bajd (1982Bajd ( , 1984, and for gait, similar achievements were obtained. Because walking is itself a most important function, most current FES research efforts concentrate on this problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Posture switching for prolonging functional electrical stimulation standing in paraplegic patients

et al. 1986

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SummaryThe presently employed posture for Functional Electrical Stimulation (FES) assisted standing in spinal cord injury (SCI) patients utilises the active locking of knee joints by tetanically stimulating the quadriceps muscle. The hip joints are in hyperextension and the ankle joints remain free. The upper limbs are used for balancing. This posture requires minimal corrective forces exerted by the hands, the weight is transferred across the legs, while very limited forward-backward sway is permitted. Knee jack-knifing may occur in the instance when the gravity knee bending moment exceeds the moment generated by the quadriceps muscle. Because of these effects and fatiguing of the M. quadriceps the standing time is short, lasting from several minutes up to an hour, depending on the condition of the patient's muscles. Cyclical FES with a duty cycle of 10-20 seconds (on/off ) fatigues muscle considerably less. The use of dIfferent postures for standing requiring activation of dIfferent muscles permits the application of cyclical FES. The cyclic FES results in prolonging standing times by a factor of two to five. Utilising this improvement some patients can stand for up to five hours at a time. This functional achievement is comparable to the standing time of a normal man. The incorporation of the principle of posture switching also prolongs standing in patients with weak muscles, because of the possibility of cyclical coactivation of different synergistic muscle assemblies. It is shown that posture switching can be carried out automatically and that patients adapt quickly to it. In addition using co-contraction of two or three muscles with posture switching does further expand the range of suitable patients and improves standing with an increased permissible range of body sway. Also, the FES antigravity action obtained raises hopes for substantially improving FES induced reciprocal gait.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 77%

Posture switching for prolonging functional electrical stimulation standing in paraplegic patients

et al. 1986

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“…4 N m s 2, where m I represents both upper leg segments. Maximum knee extensor moment was set to 7 5 N m per leg (BAJD et al, 1982). According to eqns.…”

Section: O D E L Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…First, during a major part of the stand-up movement maximum knee extensor activity is required. BAJD et al (1982) report how the paralysed quadriceps muscle is capable of generating only part of the peak knee joint moment required during standing up. Consequently, assistance of nonparalysed upper-body musculature is required, at least in an initial phase of movement.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In current FES-induced open-loop controlled paraplegic standing up, voluntary arm force (needed for antigravity support and for keeping balance (BAJD et al, 1982;KRALJ et al, 1980;ISAKOV et al, 1986)) offers the only possibility to actively control knee end-velocity KEV. Our model study predicts only limited effect of arm force on reducing KEV: maximum reduction of arm force is predicted to reduce KEV to 67 per cent of the end-velocity obtained with twice the minimum arm force required for standing up.…”

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confidence: 99%

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On/off control in FES-induced standing up: A model study and experiments

Mulder

Veltink

Boom

1992

Med. Biol. Eng. Comput.

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“…La fotogrametría ha sido utilizada para el análisis objetivo del movimiento en patologías como paraplejia o parkinsonismo. Bajd et al (1982) analizaron la eficacia de una tratamiento de electro estimulación funcional en pacientes parapléjicos para conseguir que estas personas pudiesen ponerse de pie. Mak et al (2003) compararon los momentos de fuerza realizados por un grupo de personas sanas con los de un grupo de personas con enfermedad de Parkinson para poder determinar las causas que dificultan a este tipo de pacientes el iniciar esta actividad.…”

Section: Análisis De Los Movimientos Que Implican Una Actividad De Launclassified

La valoración funcional. Aplicaciones en el ámbito de la discapacidad y el daño corporal. Modelo de transferencia tecnológica de laboratorios de valoración de la discapacidad y del daño corporal

Jaen¹,

David²

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Standing-up of a healthy subject and a paraplegic patient

Cited by 108 publications

References 2 publications

Posture switching for prolonging functional electrical stimulation standing in paraplegic patients

Posture switching for prolonging functional electrical stimulation standing in paraplegic patients

On/off control in FES-induced standing up: A model study and experiments

La valoración funcional. Aplicaciones en el ámbito de la discapacidad y el daño corporal. Modelo de transferencia tecnológica de laboratorios de valoración de la discapacidad y del daño corporal

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