Standing on a declining surface reduces transient prolonged standing induced low back pain development

Gallagher, Kaitlin M.; Callaghan, Jack P.

doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2016.03.014

Cited by 22 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…One article reported general symptoms (not in any specific body area) [34] while four articles measured and/or combined symptoms from various body areas [16,23,28,46]. Thirteen articles assessed pain [17,19,21,31,[35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43]45], 10 articles assessed discomfort [16,18,20,28,29,32,33,44,46], one article assessed comfort [23] and one article assessed unpleasantness [34].…”

Section: Data Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Musculoskeletal symptoms were assessed with self-reports using a visual analog scale (VAS) in 17 articles [17][18][19][20][21][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43], while five articles used a 0-10 scale [16,28,[44][45][46], one article used a Borg scale [29] and one article used a 1-9 comfort rating scale [23].…”

Section: Data Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Thirteen articles categorized participants into pain developers and non-pain developers, using the following thresholds to make this categorization: one article used >10/100 symptoms intensity [21], one article used a change of >8/100 [43] and two articles used a change >10/100 during the entire trial [19,41], seven articles used a change >10/100 from the baseline score [17,30,31,[35][36][37][38]40], one article used any change in symptoms during the standing trial [42] and one article used symptoms intensity >20/100 at any point and >10/100 overall [39]. The prevalence of pain developers reported in the included articles ranged from 28% [41] to 71% [35], with an average of 44%.…”

Section: Data Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations of prolonged standing with musculoskeletal symptoms—A systematic review of laboratory studies

et al. 2017

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While prolonged standing has shown to be detrimentally associated with musculoskeletal symptoms, exposure limits and underlying mechanisms are not well understood. We systematically reviewed evidence from laboratory studies on musculoskeletal symptom development during prolonged (≥20min) uninterrupted standing, quantified acute dose-response associations and described underlying mechanisms. Peer-reviewed articles were systematically searched for. Data from included articles were tabulated, and dose-response associations were statistically pooled. A linear interpolation of pooled dose-response associations was performed to estimate the duration of prolonged standing associated with musculoskeletal symptoms with a clinically relevant intensity of ≥9 (out of 100). We included 26 articles (from 25 studies with 591 participants), of which the majority examined associations of prolonged standing with low back and lower extremity symptoms. Evidence on other (e.g., upper limb) symptoms was limited and inconsistent. Pooled dose-response associations showed that clinically relevant levels of low back symptoms were reached after 71min of prolonged standing, with this shortened to 42min in those considered pain developers. Regarding standing-related low back symptoms, consistent evidence was found for postural mechanisms (i.e., trunk flexion and lumbar curvature), but not for mechanisms of muscle fatigue and/or variation in movement. Blood pooling was the most consistently reported mechanism for standing-related lower extremity symptoms. Evidence suggests a detrimental association of prolonged standing with low back and lower extremity symptoms. To avoid musculoskeletal symptoms (without having a-priori knowledge on whether someone will develop symptoms or not), dose-response evidence from this study suggests a recommendation to refrain from standing for prolonged periods >40min. Interventions should also focus on underlying pain mechanisms.

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Section: Data Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Data Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Associations of prolonged standing with musculoskeletal symptoms—A systematic review of laboratory studies

et al. 2017

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“…In a study that compared low back muscle activities during standing with one foot on a 20-cm-high platform with that during standing with two feet on the ground, lumbar flexion and low back muscle activity increased in the former posture [11]. Prolonged standing on a surface with a 16° slope reduced pain by 59.4% [12], and standing on an elevated surface or a declining sloped surface was effective for lumbar spine flexion [13]. The occurrences of GM co-contraction and LBP were reduced when standing on a sloped surface when compared with standing on a flat surface [14].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The benefits of mild flexion are suggested by the impact of standing aids on lumbar spine and pelvic posture using a sloped surface and elevating one leg on a platform [11][12][13].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%