Standby thermal management system for a kW-class vanadium redox flow battery

Trovò, Andrea; Guarnieri, Massimo

doi:10.1016/j.enconman.2020.113510

Cited by 31 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 61 publications

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“…To solve the problem of local electrolyte stagnation and congestion, Yue et al 14 designed radial-oriented quasi-parallel and quasi-interdigitated channels for the trapezoidal electrode and found that the new structure can improve the distribution uniformity of the electrolyte and flow acceleration. Trovòet al 15 reported a thermal management strategy of a kilowatt class VRFB system during standby and proposed different solutions for two standby states (with no electrolyte flow and with a small electrolyte cooling flow rate).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Interdigitated Flow Field with a Separated Inlet and Outlet for the Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

Chu,

Liu,

Shen

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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The vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB) is considered as a promising energy storage technology to solve the environmental problems of global warming. The optimizations should be carried out before the large-scale commercialization of the VRFB, and the flow field greatly affects the battery performance. In the paper, a two-sides interdigitated flow field (IFF) is designed for improving the mass transfer behaviors, and a three-dimensional numerical model is established to predict the charge–discharge process of the VRFB. The charge–discharge voltage, overpotential, concentration distribution, and uniformity factors are analyzed to evaluate the battery performance of different flow field designs (case 1, the conventional IFF; case 2, the two-sided IFF; and case 3, the two-sided IFF with a high contacting area). In comparison to cases 1 and 2, the VRFB with the case 3 design possesses the highest discharge voltage and the lowest charge voltage. For the distribution uniformity factor of V2+, case 2 is 5.5% higher than case 1 and case 3 is 17% higher than case 1. The two-sided IFF outputs the highest net power. Furthermore, case 3 can acquire 85.6% system efficiency, while the efficiency of case 1 is 84.5%, which shows that the two-sided IFF is more suitable for the large-scale VRFB.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel Interdigitated Flow Field with a Separated Inlet and Outlet for the Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

Chu,

Liu,

Shen

et al. 2023

Energy Fuels

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show abstract

“…Active cooling solutions for hot climates were not explored, either. Andrea et al initially introduced a thermal management method for VFB systems during standby, demonstrating its effectiveness in a kilowatt-class VFB system [7]. Nevertheless, the proposed methods do not offer practical cooling solutions during charging and discharging, and they remain inapplicable to containerised VFB systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hybrid Cooling-Based Thermal Management of Containerised Vanadium Flow Battery Systems in Photovoltaic Applications

et al. 2023

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The integration of industrial batteries with photovoltaic applications is a common practice to charge the batteries using solar energy. Long-duration flow batteries are useful in dealing with the intermittency of renewable energy sources and offer a great opportunity for total fossil fuel replacement. In this study, the effects of different battery operation time and load profiles on the temperature dynamics of a containerised vanadium flow battery system are modelled and simulated for a range of locations and seasons to identify active cooling or heating requirements that might be needed to maintain safe operating temperatures. This paper explores and analyses the stack, tank, and container temperature dynamics of 6 h and 8 h containerised vanadium flow batteries (VFBs) during periods of higher charge and discharge current using computer simulations that apply insulation with passive or active hybrid cooling thermal management where needed to keep the battery temperature within a safe operating range under a range of climate conditions. According to the simulation results, when adopting the hybrid cooling strategy as described in the case study, for a 30 kW–240 kWh VFB system with ambient temperatures fluctuating between 25 °C and 45 °C, the monthly electricity consumption of the air conditioning system, calculated using average power, can be maintained at a relatively low level of approximately 330 kWh. By employing an air conditioning system with an airflow rate of 0.2 m3/s and a suitable thermal management strategy, it is sufficient to keep an 8 h system operating within a safe temperature range when the ambient temperature is between 15 °C and 35 °C. This study presents the first application of our previously developed containerised VFB thermodynamic model to explore the necessity of active cooling or heating in PV (photovoltaic) applications across different geographical locations and seasons. This analysis provides valuable insights for battery designers and manufacturers to understand the performance of containerised battery systems under various climate conditions. Furthermore, this paper is the first to apply this model for simulating 6 and 8 h batteries and to adopt a hybrid thermal management strategy. The simulation data offer guidance on whether active cooling or heating is required for industrialised vanadium batteries with capacities exceeding 6 h.

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“…M. Pugach et al [13] developed the real-time control-monitoring software to control the output feedback of the flow rate for the VRFB. A. Trovò et al [14] established the standby thermal management system for a kW-class VRFB by using a cell-resolved dynamic thermal model through the experimental and numerical investigation to decide the stack voltage, self-discharge, and temperature evolution.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Monitoring of the Thermal Effect for the Redox Flow Battery by an Infrared Thermal Imaging Technology

Huang

Chang

et al. 2020

Energies

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In this study, a new monitoring method was developed, titled infrared thermal imaging technology, which can effectively evaluate the thermal effect of the charge-discharge test in the vanadium/iodine redox flow battery (V/I RFB). The results show that the all-vanadium redox flow battery (all-V RFB) has a greater molar reaction Gibbs free energy change than that of the V/I RFB, representing a large thermal effect of the all-V RFB than the V/I RFB. The charge-discharge parameters, flow rate and current density, are important factors for inducing the thermal effect, because of the concentration polarization and the ohmic resistor. The new membrane (HS-SO3H) shows a high ion exchange capacity and a good ions crossover inhibitory for the V/I RFB system, and has a high coulomb efficiency that reaches 96%. The voltage efficiency was enhanced from 61% to 86% using the C-TiO2-Pd composite electrode as a cathode with the serpentine-type flow field for the V/I RFB. By adopting the high-resolution images of an infrared thermal imaging technology with the function of the temperature profile data, it is useful to evaluate the key components’ performance of the V/I RFB, and is a favorable candidate in the developing of the redox flow battery system.

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Standby thermal management system for a kW-class vanadium redox flow battery

Cited by 31 publications

References 61 publications

Novel Interdigitated Flow Field with a Separated Inlet and Outlet for the Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

Novel Interdigitated Flow Field with a Separated Inlet and Outlet for the Vanadium Redox Flow Battery

Hybrid Cooling-Based Thermal Management of Containerised Vanadium Flow Battery Systems in Photovoltaic Applications

Real-Time Monitoring of the Thermal Effect for the Redox Flow Battery by an Infrared Thermal Imaging Technology

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