Standards for the basal metabolism of children from 2 to 15 years of age, inclusive

Lewis, Robert C.; Duval, Anna

doi:10.1016/s0022-3476(43)80035-4

Cited by 44 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…The findings in this study, as in others (6,7), demonstrate the extent and the pattern of the sex difference in basal oxygen consumption. During childhood boys and girls are not markedly different in their average oxygen requirements in the basal (morning-fasting) state; still, oxygen consumption is consistently higher in the boys.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…It was not the purpose of this study to present normative data, which has been done most adequately by the Carnegie group and more recently by Lewis and his associates (6,7). However, the data may be considered representative of healthy native-born white children from Southwestern Ohio, and correspond closely to published data on similar groups.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Since boys have a higher oxygen consumption under basal conditions, beginning even before the eighth year (6,7), separate norms for boys and girls obviously are necessary. The fact that the basal metabolic rate of the adult male appears to be so much higher than in the female bears upon sex differences in behavior, and in mortality and morbidity as well.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Sex Difference in the Basal Metabolic Rate

Garn¹,

Clark²,

Harper³

1953

Child Development

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 87%

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The Sex Difference in the Basal Metabolic Rate

Garn¹,

Clark²,

Harper³

1953

Child Development

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“…However, in papers where temperature was described, if the ambient temperature was below 188C, such papers were rejected. In most papers, BMR was expressed as kcal day 21 78 -81 , Nakagawa 82 -85 , Wardlaw 86 -88 and Wang 90 -93 , even if descriptive details were not provided in all their papers, they were included for further analysis as their protocol was detailed (and acceptable) in the first of their papers.…”

Section: Bmr Presented As a Percentage Deviation Of Othermentioning

confidence: 99%

Basal metabolic rate studies in humans: measurement and development of new equations

Henry

2005

Public Health Nutr.

800

741

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Objective: To facilitate the Food and Agriculture Organization/World Health Organization/United Nations University Joint (FAO/WHO/UNU) Expert Consultation on Energy and Protein Requirements which met in Rome in 1981, Schofield et al. reviewed the literature and produced predictive equations for both sexes for the following ages: 0-3, 3-10, 10-18, 18-30, 30-60 and . 60 years. These formed the basis for the equations used in 1985 FAO/WHO/UNU document, Energy and Protein Requirements.While Schofield's analysis has served a significant role in re-establishing the importance of using basal metabolic rate (BMR) to predict human energy requirements, recent workers have subsequently queried the universal validity and application of these equations. A survey of the most recent studies (1980 -2000) in BMR suggests that in most cases the current FAO/WHO/UNU predictive equations overestimate BMR in many communities. The FAO/WHO/UNU equations to predict BMR were developed using a database that contained a disproportionate number -3388 out of 7173 (47%) -of Italian subjects. The Schofield database contained relatively few subjects from the tropical region.The objective here is to review the historical development in the measurement and application of BMR and to critically review the Schofield et al. BMR database presenting a series of new equations to predict BMR. Design: This division, while arbitrary, will enable readers who wish to omit the historical review of BMR to concentrate on the evolution of the new BMR equations. Setting: BMR data collected from published and measured values. Subjects: A series of new equations (Oxford equations) have been developed using a data set of 10 552 BMR values that (1) excluded all the Italian subjects and (2) included a much larger number (4018) of people from the tropics. Results: In general, the Oxford equations tend to produce lower BMR values than the current FAO/WHO/UNU equations in 18-30 and 30 -60 year old males and in all females over 18 years of age. Conclusions: This is an opportune moment to re-examine the role and place of BMR measurements in estimating total energy requirements today. The Oxford equations' future use and application will surely depend on their ability to predict more accurately the BMR in contemporary populations.

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“…Most prominent in the area of physiological development are the studies on basal metabolic rates which began in 1936 and have resulted in a series of publications (29). Though the information is longitudinal, the type of initial reporting is again cross-sectional.…”

Section: The Child Research Councilmentioning

confidence: 99%