Standards for Socially-and Achievement-Oriented Roles in Major Depressive Disorder and Generalized Anxiety Disorder

Abstract

Background: People with major depressive disorder (MDD) and generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) have elevated trait perfectionism. We tested whether they hold perfectionistic standards for specific life roles and examined the extent to which they met their own expectations for, gained satisfaction from, and expended effort in these roles.Methods: Seventy-four women with MDD, GAD, both disorders, or no mental disorders (CTL) described their standards for a socially-and achievement-oriented roles, coded for perfectionism. Using ecological momentary assessment, participants reported the extent to which they met, how much satisfaction they gained from, and how much effort they expended in each role.Results: Although the clinical groups endorsed elevated trait perfectionism, they did not differ from CTLs in their role-specific standards. Compared to CTLs, the clinical groups reported meeting their standards to a lesser extent and receiving less satisfaction from both roles. The two MDD groups reported expending less effort in achievement-oriented, but not socially-oriented, roles than the other two groups. Conclusion:Despite similar standards for socially-and achievement-oriented roles, people with MDD and/or GAD are less likely to meet their standards and gain satisfaction from these roles. Having MDD, independent of GAD, is associated with putting less effort into achievementoriented roles.

Study of Positive and Negative Affect and Neurocognitive Functioning in Adolescents

“…Specifically the results reveal statistically significant differences in all neurocognitive domains (executive control, complex cognition, and social cognition), except for episodic memory. Previous studies reveal results similar to those found in this study, relating EF to anxiety disorders (Godovich et al, 2020; Mullin et al, 2020; Ursache & Raver, 2014) and depression (Gotlib & Joormann, 2010; Thompson et al, 2020). Also, different problems in neurocognitive functioning have been related to emotional problems (Vilgis et al, 2015).…”

“…The results of the present work converge with Vilgis et al (2015) who found that difficulties in attention, working memory, and problem solving were related with affective disorders. Moreover, recent studies have found similar results between affective disorders and neurocognitive performance (Chaarani et al, 2021; Godovich et al, 2020; Thompson et al, 2020). Therefore, positive and negative affect may be key to understanding the relationship between emotional difficulties measures and neurocognitive markers (Ho et al, 2021; Mullin et al, 2020).…”

“…On the other hand, specific neurocognitive changes during adolescence are related to an increase in vulnerability to certain mental health problems (Díez-Gómez et al, 2020; Fonseca-Pedrero, Pérez-Álvarez et al, 2021; Fumero et al, 2021; Ortuño-Sierra et al, 2019). For instance, a relationship has been found between EF and anxiety disorders (Godovich et al, 2020; Mullin et al, 2020; Ursache & Raver, 2014) and depression (Gotlib & Joormann, 2010; Thompson et al, 2020). Deficits in executive functioning have been related to depressive and anxiety disorders.…”

An exploration of happiness, anxiety symptoms, and depressive symptoms among older adults during the coronavirus pandemic

“…10.3389/fpsyg.2023 In contrast to greater socialization leading to greater happiness, those with mental health challenges may have benefited from feeling less pressure to socialize. Depression or anxiety symptoms may be a result of feeling pressured to follow the cultural social norm to be with people (Dejonckheere et al, 2017) or to portray an active or "perfect" lifestyle (Thompson et al, 2020). As the country shut down, and many Americans were forced to halt their lives, older adults who experience mental health symptoms may have felt relieved from the expectation to conform to social pressures.…”