Standards Compliance and Health Implications of Bottled Water in Malawi

Chidya, Russel; Singano, Lazarus; Chitedze, Isaac; Mourad, Khaldoon A.

doi:10.3390/ijerph16060951

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(53 reference statements)

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“…Chidya et al (2019) [ 55 ] published an article wherein they found differences between the labels and the actual water content in some cases, although we did not find this to be the case in this article. Issues were found in terms of pH and concentration of F − anions.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

Nutrient Effect on the Taste of Mineral Waters: Evidence from Europe

Hönig

Procházka

Obergruber

et al. 2020

Foods

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In this study, 15 selected bottled mineral waters from chosen European countries were tested for their mineral nutrient contents. In particular, six important nutrients (Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3−, Cl−) were measured using atomic absorption spectroscopy. The content of mineral nutrients in all sampled mineral waters were compared to their expected content based on the label. Consequently, their taste was evaluated by 60 trained panelists who participated in the sensory analysis. The results from both the atomic absorption spectroscopy and sensory analysis were analyzed using the regression framework. On the basis of the results from the regression analysis, we determined to what extent the individual mineral nutrients determined the taste of the mineral water. According to the regression results, four out of six analyzed nutrients had a measurable impact on taste. These findings can help producers to provide ideal, health-improving nutrients for mineral water buyers.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 87%

Nutrient Effect on the Taste of Mineral Waters: Evidence from Europe

Hönig

Procházka

Obergruber

et al. 2020

Foods

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show abstract

“…PAEs have been detected in tap water [17] and were even detected in pure water in the current study, indicating that PAEs were ubiquitous environmental pollutants, and they could be found in various environments [18][19][20]. Therefore, more strict measurements should be taken to eliminate the potential risk of chemical compounds in PET bottled drinking water during the whole production process [21].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Phthalate Esters and Their Potential Risk in PET Bottled Water Stored under Common Conditions

Zhou

Lei

et al. 2019

IJERPH

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A great deal of attention has been paid lately to release of phthalate esters (PAEs) from polyethylene terephthalate (PET) bottles into PET bottled drinking water due to their potential endocrine-disrupting effects. Three kinds of PAEs, including diethyl phthalate (DEP), dimethyl phthalate (DMP) and dibutyl phthalate (DBP), were detected in 10 popular brands of PET bottles in Beijing, ranging from 101.97 μg/kg to 709.87 μg/kg. Meanwhile, six kinds of PAEs, including DEP, DMP, DBP, n-butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DOP) and di(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), were detected in PET bottled water, ranging from 0.19 μg/L to 0.98 μg/L, under an outdoor storage condition, while their concentrations ranged from 0.18 μg/L to 0.71 μg/L under an indoor storage condition. Furthermore, the concentrations of PAEs in brand D and E bottles were slightly increased when the storage time was prolonged. In addition, the concentrations of PAEs in commercial water contained in brand B and H bottles and pure water contained in brand E and G bottles were also slightly increased with the increase of storage temperature. Interestingly, DBP mainly contributed to the increased PAEs levels in simulation water. These results suggest that a part of the PAEs in PET bottled water originated from plastic bottles, which was related to the storage time and temperature. However, the PAEs in PET bottled water only pose a negligible risk to consumers if they follow the recommendations, such as storage at a common place (24 °C), away from sun and in a short period of time.

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“…Multivariate analyses have been often used for the classification and comparison of different samples of water [9] [10] [11]. Also this technique applied for water quality investigations [12] [13] [14] [15] [16]. The application of multivariate analysis, such as correlation analysis (CA), principal component analyses (PCA), the main advantage of hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) is that it helps analyzing large and complicated data, which have many variables and experimental units.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Classification of Various Bottled Mineral Waters Marketed in Djibouti

Mouhoumed¹,

Abdillahi²,

Elmi³

et al. 2020

WJET

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In this study, nineteen different brands of bottled mineral waters (7 brands local and 12 brands imported) were collected from supermarkets and independent food stores throughout Djibouti. The chemical composition mentioned on the labels of the nineteen bottled mineral waters has made the subject of a first verification by Ionic Balance Error (IBE). It was found out of the nineteen brands selected, 12 brands (2 brands local and 10 brands imported) had acceptable charge balance error. Correlation Analysis (CA), Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) were used to analyze the data collected from the labels of bottled water. The obtained results showed that the 12 brands of studied waters can be grouped in 4 distinct classes with similar chemical characteristics. Two local and one imported brands have the same chemical composition but marketed under different names. It was observed that the chemical content local water brands were within the normal range prescribed by both WHO and USEPA except five imported water brands that have concentration values Ca, HCO 3 , Mg and SO 4 beyond acceptable standards. Total hardness values classified most of the studied brands from moderate to very hard water.

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Standards Compliance and Health Implications of Bottled Water in Malawi

Cited by 17 publications

References 31 publications

Nutrient Effect on the Taste of Mineral Waters: Evidence from Europe

Nutrient Effect on the Taste of Mineral Waters: Evidence from Europe

Phthalate Esters and Their Potential Risk in PET Bottled Water Stored under Common Conditions

Classification of Various Bottled Mineral Waters Marketed in Djibouti

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