Standardized quassinoid-rich Eurycoma longifolia extract improved spermatogenesis and fertility in male rats via the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis

Low, Bin-Seng; Das, P. K.; Chan, Kit‐Lam

doi:10.1016/j.jep.2012.11.013

Cited by 91 publications

(93 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…In a comparative study methanol extract was reported to be about ten times more potent than the aqueous extract in generating more testosterone in Rodents. [12] Based on the above literature E. longifolia seems to have a lot to offer in managing and/or even treating conditions such as erectile dysfunction, malaria, and cancer. Nonetheless, more detailed investigations are necessary to further assess its effectiveness and safety in human subjects.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the bark is useful as blood coagulant after childbirth while the leaves are found to be effective in relieving stomach ache. [3][4][5] Today, many of its medicinal potentials such as antitumor, [9] antimalarial and antipyretic, [10,11] aphrodisiac, [12] antimicrobial, [13] antihyperglycaemic, [14] antiinflammatory, [15] anti-schistosomal, [16] antifungal, [17] anti-toxoplasmic, [18] anti-hypertensive, [19] and Osteoprotective [20] have been uncovered through extensive scientific research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[21] Amongst the several quassinoids identified in E. longifolia extracts, Eurycomanone (EN) is said to be the major one with strong antiproliferative and steroidogenesis effects. [9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22] Proteins, minerals and amino acids Elemental contents determination of roots of E. longifolia by Majid and coworkers [26] revealed the presence of certain elements such as Al, Br, Ca, Ce, Cl, Cs, Cr, Fe, K, La, Mg, Mn, Na, Rb, Sb, Sc, and Zn along with other toxic elements. Subsequent evaluation of aqueous root extracts of E. longifolia collected from two climatically and geographically different locations in Malaysia; Perak and Pahang for proteins, minerals, and amino acids showed dissimilarity in the content of these substances.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The resultant testosterone then stimulated spermatogenesis by binding to Androgen Binding Protein (ABP). [29][30][31] Later, Low and coworkers [12] realized that the action of quassinoids on the generation of testosterone as well as sperm was most likely mediated through hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Simarubaceae); Advances in Its Medicinal Potentials

Wizneh¹,

Asmawi²

2014

Phcog J.

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Eurycoma longifolia Jack is a tall slender shrub-tree which is well-reputed among the natives of South East Asia for its potent aphrodisiac effect. Its root extracts have shown important biological activities such as antitumor, antimalarial, antibacterial, anti-diabetic, anti-hypertensive, Osteoprotective, and ergogenic which are mainly attributed to quassinoids. Commercially it is available in the form of drinks (along with other herbs), capsules, or loose powders. Based on available online databases it was realized that in spite of numerous reports on medicinal properties of E. longifolia, a review of recent developments regarding phytopharmacology, safety and toxicology, pharmacokinetics, and clinical applications was lacking. Therefore, this concise yet informative piece of work was prepared by pulling together trustworthy information from all the accessible published and unpublished scientific resources to serve as a reliable source of reference for future investigations.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Simarubaceae); Advances in Its Medicinal Potentials

Wizneh¹,

Asmawi²

2014

Phcog J.

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“…Known popularly as "Tongkat Ali", the tree from which Longjack root is harvested reaches a height of around 10 meters, is slender and often unbranched, and contains reddish brown petioles. Currently, Longjack products are available as a raw crude powder of the root, a capsule, mixed in proprietary blends, and as an additive mixed with coffee.Studies have provided evidence in support of the claim that a particular compound called eurycomanone, extracted from Longjack root, can increase testosterone levels in rats [102,[115][116][117]. A recent study in humans involved supplementation of 76 of 320 patients suffering from late-onset hypogonadism with a 200 mg serving of a standardized water-soluble extract of Tongkat ali for 1 month [39].…”

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confidence: 99%

Increasing Circulating Testosterone: Impact of Herbal Dietary Supplements

Gunnels¹

2014

J Plant Biochem Physiol

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Low circulating testosterone levels can present numerous problems related to the overall health and well-being of individuals, men in particular. This finding is well-documented in the literature and low testosterone appears more prevalent in older men, in particular those who are physically inactive and who present with elevated levels of body fat. Multiple botanical (herbal) products have been claimed to elevate circulating testosterone in men; however, data pertaining to the use of such herbal preparations obtained from human clinical trials are limited. This review examines the research to date pertaining to the use of herbal ingredients with regards to their ability to elevate blood testosterone levels. A collective summary of the findings indicate that certain herbal supplements may actually yield an increase in testosterone (e.g., Longjack root), while most others have little to no evidence in support of their use in human subjects. Additional, well-controlled clinical trials are needed to generate data relative to the use of herbal dietary supplements to increase circulating testosterone. Testosterone is generally measured as either "free" (unbound) or "total" (unbound and chemically bound). Men who have a morning serum testosterone level < 300 ng/dL are considered to be "low" and may be a candidate for testosterone replacement therapy-which has become more common in recent years due to the increased diagnosis of andropause [55]. Insufficient levels of testosterone due to either impaired production or uptake can present serious health consequences due to the wide array of applications of testosterone within the human body. Areas including skeletal muscle health, muscular strength, and overall well-being/vitality seem to be significantly affected by testosterone status. Increasing Circulating Testosterone: Impact of Herbal Dietary SupplementsTrintThe role of testosterone in muscle growth has been investigated extensively in both humans and animals [56][57][58][59][60][61][62]. One study in men concluded that the testosterone-induced increase in muscle volume is due to muscle fiber hypertrophy [63]. A follow-up study conducted a year later noted muscle hypertrophy in men over a period of 20 weeks of treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and a 125-, 300-, or 600-mg weekly dose of testosterone enanthate. The main findings from this study indicated that testosterone administration was associated with a significant increase in myonuclear number in men receiving the 300-and 600-mg doses.Muscular strength is another important factor that has been shown to be affected by testosterone levels in the body [56,61,62,[64][65][66]. A recent investigation utilized 267 men with stages 2-4 of Chronic Kidney Disease to assess the impact of testosterone level on a variety of variables [64]. This study found that testosterone was significantly and independently associated with handgrip strength, muscle mass, and nutritional status as the disease progressed. Another study explored short-term testoste...

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Determination of eurycomanone in rat plasma using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for pharmacokinetic study

Rehman

Choi

Han

et al. 2016

Biomedical Chromatography

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In this study, a rapid, sensitive, and reliable hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HILIC-MS/MS) method for the determination of eurycomanone in rat plasma was developed and validated. Plasma samples were pretreated with a protein precipitation method and quercitrin was used as an internal standard (IS). A HILIC silica column (2.1 × 100 mm, 3 μm) was used for hydrophilic-based chromatographic separation, using the mobile phase of 0.1% formic acid with acetonitrile in gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min. Precursor-product ion pairs for multiple-reaction monitoring were m/z 409.1 → 391.0 for eurycomanone and m/z 449.1 → 303.0 for IS. The linear range was 2-120 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day accuracies were between 95.5 and 103.4% with a precision of <4.2%. The developed method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic analysis of eurycomanone in rat plasma after oral dosing with pure compound and E. longifolia extract. The C and AUC , respectively, were 40.43 ± 16.08 ng/mL and 161.09 ± 37.63 ng h/mL for 10 mg/kg eurycomanone, and 9.90 ± 3.97 ng/mL and 37.15 ± 6.80 ng h/mL for E. longifolia extract (2 mg/kg as eurycomanone). The pharmacokinetic results were comparable with each other, based on the dose as eurycomanone.

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Standardized quassinoid-rich Eurycoma longifolia extract improved spermatogenesis and fertility in male rats via the hypothalamic–pituitary–gonadal axis

Cited by 91 publications

References 34 publications

Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Simarubaceae); Advances in Its Medicinal Potentials

Eurycoma longifolia Jack (Simarubaceae); Advances in Its Medicinal Potentials

Increasing Circulating Testosterone: Impact of Herbal Dietary Supplements

Determination of eurycomanone in rat plasma using hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for pharmacokinetic study

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