Standardized Percentile Curves of Body-Mass Index for Children and Adolescents

Hammer, Lawrence D.; Kraemer, Helena C.; Wilson, Darrell M.; Ritter, Philip L.; Dornbusch, Sanford M.

doi:10.1001/archpedi.1991.02160030027015

Cited by 367 publications

(317 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In the period from 6-12 y, the 90th centile is even higher than the 97th centile of the French curves. On the other hand, our data are closer to those of Hammer (USA) (Hammer, 1991), above all for the adolescent period, where the differences vanish from the ages of 16-19 y. Our data are more similar to those published by Cole (UK).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Body Mass Index reference curves for children aged 3–19 years from Verona, Italy

1997

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Objective: To compile curves for Body Mass Index (BMI) for Italian children and adolescents. Design: Cross sectional study. Setting: All primary and secondary schools of Verona, Italy between October 1986 and January 1987. Subjects: 20 796 males and 21 073 females children, aged 3-19 y. Methods: Weight and height were measured using Salus balances, and age in days was calculated between the date of measurement and that of birth: centiles of BMI by age were calculated by the LMS method of Cole (1990). Results: The centiles obtained were similar to those obtained in UK by Cole et al, 1995. Compared to Cachera's data for France and Hammer's for USA, our BMI values are higher, though closer to the American than the French ones.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 87%

Body Mass Index reference curves for children aged 3–19 years from Verona, Italy

1997

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“…8% met criteria for obesity at the 95th percentile (adjusted for age and gender) (Hammer et al, 1991) and 52.7% presented with a family history of T2DM (for both first-and seconddegree relatives), as determined by physician interview (Mitchell et al, 1993). The detailed clinical and laboratory characteristics of the obese vs nonobese children have been described in detail elsewhere (Delamater et al, 2001).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gender differences in TNF-α levels among obese vs nonobese Latino children

et al. 2004

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Objective: To examine the relationships between TNF-a, obesity, and insulin resistance among prepubescent children. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting and subjects: Data were collected from 112 nondiabetic Latino schoolchildren from public schools in three South Florida communities. Of the enrolled participants, 43.8% were obese (BMI 95th percentile) and 51.8% presented with a family history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). With one exception, all demonstrated normal glucose tolerance. Interventions: Plasma TNF-a levels were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbance assay (ELISA). Homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-IR) was calculated as an index of insulin resistance. Mean levels of TNF-a among obese vs nonobese children were compared with a one-way analysis of variance with two groups, and the association between TNF-a and HOMA-IR was assessed with a Pearson's correlation. Results: Higher circulating TNF-a levels were revealed among nonobese vs obese children. Nonobese girls demonstrated higher TNF-a levels than obese girls, whereas there were no significant differences for boys. There were no significant differences after stratifying for family history of T2DM. There was a modest relationship between increased TNF-a levels and decreased insulin resistance. Conclusions: The observed elevated circulating TNF-a concentrations among leaner participants may reflect an inflammatory process that has been associated with higher levels of physical fitness in both adults and prepubescent children. This effect may remain stronger for prepubescent girls, and the mechanism may be attenuated by the hormonal changes that occur with the onset of puberty.

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“…(2) BMI values were transformed into Z-scores using ageand sex-specific cutoffs of the 2000 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention pediatric growth charts as a reference population. 34 The standardized BMI score indicates how many standard deviation units apart a child's BMI is from the mean BMI of the reference group for their age and sex. (3) Misperception score was calculated as the arithmetic difference between the perceived weight Z-score and the BMI Z-score: (Misperception ¼ Z perceived weight ÀZ BMI ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Do you see what I see? Weight status misperception and exposure to obesity among children and adolescents

et al. 2008

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Objective: Obesity prevention in childhood is important. However, changing children's lifestyle behaviors to reduce overweight is a substantial challenge. Accurately perceiving oneself as overweight/obese has been linked to greater motivation to change lifestyle behaviors. Children and adolescents may be less likely to perceive themselves as overweight/obese if they are exposed to overweight/obese people in their immediate environments. This study examined whether youth who are exposed to overweight parents and schoolmates were more likely to misperceive their own weight status. Design: The Quebec Child and Adolescent Health and Social Survey was a provincially representative, school-based survey of children and adolescents conducted between January and May 1999. Subjects: 3665 children and adolescents (age 9, n ¼ 1267; age 13, n ¼ 1186; age 16, n ¼ 1212) from 178 schools. Mean body mass index (BMI) was 17.5, 20.6 and 22.2 kg/m 2 , respectively. Measurements: The misperception score was calculated as the standardized difference between self-perception of weight status (Stunkard Body Rating Scale) and actual BMI (from measured height and weight). Exposure to obesity was based on parent and schoolmate BMI. Results: Overweight and obese youth were significantly more likely to misperceive their weight compared with non-overweight youth (Po0.001). Multilevel modeling indicated that greater parent and schoolmate BMI were significantly associated with greater misperception (underestimation) of weight status among children and adolescents. Conclusion: Children and adolescents who live in environments in which people they see on a daily basis, such as parents and schoolmates, are overweight/obese may develop inaccurate perceptions of what constitutes appropriate weight status. Targeting misperception may facilitate the adoption of healthy lifestyle behaviors and improve the effectiveness of obesity prevention interventions.

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Standardized Percentile Curves of Body-Mass Index for Children and Adolescents

Cited by 367 publications

References 26 publications

Body Mass Index reference curves for children aged 3–19 years from Verona, Italy

Body Mass Index reference curves for children aged 3–19 years from Verona, Italy

Gender differences in TNF-α levels among obese vs nonobese Latino children

Do you see what I see? Weight status misperception and exposure to obesity among children and adolescents

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