Standardized methods for acute and semichronic toxicity tests with the copepod Acartia tonsa

Abstract

The availability of standardized protocols for both organism culture and bioassay with ecologically relevant species is of great concern in ecotoxicology. Acartia tonsa represents an important, often dominant, member of zooplankton communities and meets all the practical criteria suggested for model species. New standardized procedures for laboratory culturing of the copepod A. tonsa and standardized methods for acute (24- and 48-h) and semichronic (7-d, static-renewal) toxicity tests with the nauplius stage are described. In both cases, eggs are the starting stage, and nauplius immobilization is the endpoint. The methods were the object of an intercomparison test involving nine laboratories, and nickel was the reference toxicant. Relative reproducibility was 24, 25, and 34% for 24-h, 48-h, and 7-d tests, respectively.

How to increase productivity of the copepodAcartia tonsa(Dana): effects of population density and food concentration

“…This species has largely been studied for aquaculture purposes (Støttrup ; Drillet, Goetze, Jepsen, Højgaard & Hansen ; Drillet, Jepsen, Højgaard, Jørgensen & Hansen ; Drillet et al . ) or for ecotoxicological applications (Bielmyer, Grosell & Brix ; Gorbi, Invidia, Savorelli, Faraponova, Giacco, Cigar, Buttino, Leoni, Prato, Lacchetti & Sei ; Jarvis, Miller, Lenihan & Bielmyer ). Moreover, the effect of food quality and quantity on A. tonsa reproduction is well documented (Støttrup & Jensen ; Ismar, Hansen & Sommer ; Zhang et al .…”

Combined toxicity of ferroferric oxide nanoparticles and arsenic to the ciliated protozoa Tetrahymena Pyriformis

“…In this paper, EC 50 is defined as the concentration of the toxic agent at which the cell number was reduced by 50% compared with the control. The EC 50 values were calculated on log-transformed mortality data using the SPSS Probit Analysis procedure (Gensemer et al, 2002;Gorbi et al, 2012). Student's test was used to compare the means of selected paired groups.…”

Toxicological effects of CdSe/ZnS quantum dots on marine planktonic organisms

“…Well plates, covered with their lids, were then placed in a climate-controlled chamber (14 h light: 10 h dark photoperiod) at 2071°C. After 48 h percentage of egg hatching success and naupliar viability were calculated by counting empty membranes and dead nauplii on the bottom of the wells, using an inverted Olympus microscope (ISO 14669-1999;Gorbi et al, 2012). Naupliar viability of hatched embryos was determined, with EC 50 value representing the concentration which induced 50% mortality of hatched nauplii.…”

“…Here we studied the effect of CdSe/ZnS QDs on the growth of four different marine phytoplanktonic unicellular algae (Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Dunaliella tertiolecta, Rhinomonas reticulata and Isochrysis galbana) belonging to main taxonomic groups, world-wide distributed in the marine ecosystem, and on the reproduction and larval viability of the calanoid copepod Acartia tonsa, a marine and brackish water herbivore used as a model organism in ecotoxicology (Gorbi et al, 2012).…”